Burt S. Essential oils: their antibacterial properties and potential applications in foods—a review. Int J Food Microbiol. 2004;94:223–53.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Solórzano-Santos F, Miranda-Novales MG. Essential oils from aromatic herbs as antimicrobial agents. Curr Opin Biotechnol. 2012;23:136–41.
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Chouhan S, Sharmaand K, Guleria S. Antimicrobial activity of some essential oils—present status and future perspectives. Medicines. 2017;4:58.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
Google Scholar
Zhang N, Lan W, Wang Q, Sun X, Xie J. Antibacterial mechanism of Ginkgo biloba leaf extract when applied to Shewanella putrefaciens and Saprophytic staphylococcus. Aquacult Fisheries. 2018;3:163–9.
Article
Google Scholar
Geetha V, Chakravarthula SN. Chemical composition and anti-inflammatory activity of Boswellia ovalifoliolata essential oils from leaf and bark. J For Res. 2018;29:373–81.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Sainz P, Andrés MF, Martínez-Díaz RA, Bailén M, Navarro-Rocha J, Díaz CE, González-Coloma A. Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Artemisia pedemontana subsp. assoana essential oils and hydrolate. Biomolecules. 2019;9. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom9100558.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
Google Scholar
Zuzarte M, Salgueiro L. Essential oils chemistry. In: de Sousa DP, editor. Bioactive essential oils and cancer. Switzerland: Springer International Publishing; 2015. p. 19–28.
Chapter
Google Scholar
Russo MT, Serra D, Suraci F, Postorino S. Effectiveness of electronic nose system to detect bergamot (Citrus bergamia Risso et Poiteau) essential oil quality and genuineness. J Essent Oil Res. 2012;24:137–51.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Nabavi SM, Marchese A, Izadi M, Curti V, Daglia M, Nabavi SF. Plants belonging to the genus Thymus as antibacterial agents: from farm to pharmacy. Food Chem. 2015;173:339–47.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Basch E, Ulbricht C, Hammerness P, Bevins A, Sollars D. Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.), thymol. J Herb Pharmacother. 2004;4:49–67.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Pignatti S. Flora d’Italia. Bologna: Edagricole New-Business Media; 1982.
Google Scholar
Wajs-Bonikowska A, Sienkiewicz M, Stobiecka A, Maciąg A, Szoka Ł, Karna E. Chemical composition and biological activity of Abies alba and A. koreana seed and cone essential oils and characterization of their seed hydrolates. Chem Biodivers. 2015;12:407–18.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Prusinowska R, Śmigielski K, Stobiecka A, Kunicka-Styczyńska A. Hydrolates from lavender (Lavandula angustifolia)-their chemical composition as well as aromatic, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. Nat Prod Res. 2016;30:386–93.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Tornuk F, Cankurt H, Ozturk I, Sagdic O, Bayram O, Yetim H. Efficacy of various plant hydrosols as natural food sanitizers in reducing Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella typhimurium on fresh cut carrots and apples. Int J Food Microbiol. 2011;148:30–5.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Sagdic O, Ozcan M. Antibacterial activity of Turkish spice hydrosols. Food Control. 2003;14:141–3.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Chopra I. New developments in tetracycline antibiotics: glycylcyclines and tetracycline efflux pump inhibitors. Drug Resist Updat. 2002;5:119–25.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Scalas D, Mandras N, Roana J, Tardugno R, Cuffini AM, Ghisetti V, Benvenuti S, Tullio V. Use of Pinus sylvestris L. (Pinaceae), Origanum vulgare L. (Lamiaceae), and Thymus vulgaris L. (Lamiaceae) essential oils and their main components to enhance itraconazole activity against azole susceptible/not-susceptible Cryptococcus neoformans strains. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2018;18:143.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
CAS
Google Scholar
Monsef-Esfahani HR, Amanzade Y, Alhani Z, Hajimehdipour H, Faramarzi MA. GC/MS analysis of Citrus aurantium L. hydrolate and its comparison with the commercial samples. Iranian J Pharm Res. 2004;3:177–9.
Google Scholar
Marino A, Blanco AR, Ginestra G, Nostro A, Bisignano G. Ex vivo efficacy of gemifloxacin in experimental keratitis induced by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2016;48:395–400.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute-document M07-Ed11. Wayne, CLSI; 2018.
Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Reference method for broth dilution antifungal susceptibility testing of yeasts; Approved Standard M27-A3. Wayne: CLSI; 2008.
Google Scholar
Mandras N, Nostro A, Roana J, Scalas D, Banche G, Ghisetti V, Del Re S, Fucale G, Cuffini AM, Tullio V. Liquid and vapour-phase antifungal activities of essential oils against Candida albicans and non-albicans Candida. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2016;16:330.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
CAS
Google Scholar
Tullio V, Nostro A, Mandras N, Dugo P, Banche G, Cannatelli MA, Cuffini AM, Alonzo V, Carlone NA. Antifungal activity of essential oils against filamentous fungi determined by broth microdilution and vapour contact methods. J Appl Microbiol. 2007;102:1544–50.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Pfaller MA, Messer SA, Woosley LN, Jones RN, Castanheira M. Echinocandin and triazole antifungal susceptibility profiles of opportunistic yeast and mould clinical isolates (2010–2011): application of new CLSI clinical breakpoints and epidemiological cutoff values to characterize geographic and temporal trends of antifungal resistance. J Clin Microbiol. 2013;51:2571–81.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Van Vuuren S, Viljoen A. Plant-based antimicrobial studies–methods and approaches to study the interaction between natural products. Planta Med. 2011;77:1168–82.
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Blanco AR, Nostro A, D’Angelo V, D’Arrigo M, Mazzone MG, Marino A. Efficacy of a fixed combination of tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and colistimethate sodium for treatment of Candida albicans keratitis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2017;58:4292–8.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Oliver BG, Silver PM, Marie C, Hoot SJ, Leyde SE, White TC. Tetracycline alters drug susceptibility in Candida albicans and other pathogenic fungi. Microbiology. 2008;154:960–70.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Shibata T, Takahashi T, Yamada E, Kimura A, Nishikawa H, Hayakawa H, Nomura N, Mitsuyama J. T-2307 causes collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential in yeast. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2012;56:5892–7.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Carvacrol, 499–75-2 - The Good Scents Company. TGCS information system. (http://www.thegoodscentscompany.com/data/rw1027311.html).
Högberg LD, Heddini A, Cars O. The global need for effective antibiotics: challenges and recent advances. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2010;31:509–15.
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Owen L, Laird K, Wilson PB. Structure-activity modelling of essential oils, their components, and key molecular parameters and descriptors. Mol Cell Probes. 2017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mcp.2017.12.004.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Marino A, Zengin G, Nostro A, Ginestra G, Dugo P, Cacciola F, Miceli N, Taviano MF, Filocamo A, Bisignano G, Aktumsek A. Antimicrobial activities, toxicity and phenolic composition of Asphodeline anatolica E. Tuzlaci leaf extracts from Turkey. Nat Prod Res. 2016;30:2620–3.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Chorianopoulos NG, Giaouris ED, Skandamis PN, Haroutounian SA, Nychas GJ. Disinfectant test against monoculture and mixed-culture biofilms composed of technological, spoilage and pathogenic bacteria: bactericidal effect of essential oil and hydrosol of Satureja thymbra and comparison with standard acid–base sanitizers. J Appl Microbiol. 2008;104:1586–96.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Karampoula F, Giaouris E, Deschamps J, Doulgeraki AI, Nychas GJ, Dubois-Brissonnet F. Hydrosol of Thymbra capitata is a highly efficient biocide against Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium biofilms. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2016;82:5309–19.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Yap PSX, Lim SHE, Hu CP, Yiap BC. Combination of essential oils and antibiotics reduce antibiotic resistance in plasmid-conferred multidrug resistant bacteria. Phytomedicine. 2013;20:710–3.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Arendrup MC, Patterson TF. Multidrug-resistant Candida: epidemiology, molecular mechanisms, and treatment. J Infect Dis. 2017;216supp:S445–51. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jix131.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Schell WA, Jones AM, Garvey EP, Hoekstra WJ, Schotzinger RJ, Alexander BD. Fungal CYP51 inhibitors VT-1161 and VT-1129 exhibit strong in vitro activity against Candida glabrata and C. krusei isolates clinically resistant to azole and echinocandin antifungal compounds. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2017;61(3):e01817–6. https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.01817-16.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Colombo AL, Júnior JNA, Guinea J. Emerging multidrug-resistant Candida species. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2017;30:528–38.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
De Martino L, De Feo V, Formisano C, Mignola E, Senatore F. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils from three chemotypes of Origanum vulgare L. ssp. hirtum (link) letswaart growing wild in Campania (southern Italy). Molecules. 2009;14:2735–46.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
CAS
Google Scholar
Magi G, Marini E, Facinelli B. Antimicrobial activity of essential oils and carvacrol, and synergy of carvacrol and erythromycin, against clinical, erythromycin-resistant group a streptococci. Front Microbiol. 2015;6:165. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2015.00165.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Ahmad A, Khan A, Akhtar F, Yousuf S, Xess I, Khan LA, Manzoor N. Fungicidal activity of thymol and carvacrol by disrupting ergosterol biosynthesis and membrane integrity against Candida. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2011;30:41–50.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Zacchino SA, Butassi E, Cordisco E, Svetaz LA. Hybrid combinations containing natural products and antimicrobial drugs that interfere with bacterial and fungal biofilms. Phytomedicine. 2017;37:14–26.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Altintas A, Tabanca N, Tyihák E, Ott PG, Móricz AM, Mincsovics E, Wedge DE. Characterization of volatile constituents from Origanum onites and their antifungal and antibacterial activity. J AOAC Int. 2013;96:1200–8.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
de Sousa JP, Torres Rde A, de Azerêdo GA, Figueiredo RC, Vasconcelos MA, de Souza EL. Carvacrol and 1,8-cineole alone or in combination at sublethal concentrations induce changes in the cell morphology and membrane permeability of Pseudomonas fluorescens in a vegetable-based broth. Int J Food Microbiol. 2012;158:9–13.
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Mancini E, Camele I, Elshafie HS, De Martino L, Pellegrino C, Grulova D, De Feo V. Chemical composition and biological activity of the essential oil of Origanum vulgare ssp. hirtum from different areas in the southern Apennines (Italy). Chem Biodivers. 2014;11:639–51.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Nostro A, Marino A, Blanco AR, Cellini L, Di Giulio M, Pizzimenti F, Sudano Roccaro A, Bisignano G. In vitro activity of carvacrol against staphylococcal preformed biofilm by liquid and vapour contact. J Med Microbiol. 2009;58:791–7.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Guimarães AC, Meireles LM, Lemos MF, Guimarães MCC, Endringer DC, Fronza M, Scherer R. Antibacterial activity of terpenes and terpenoids present in essential oils. Molecules. 2019;24:2471. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24132471.
Article
CAS
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Nazzaro F, Fratianni F, De Martino L, Coppola R, De Feo V. Effect of essential oils on pathogenic bacteria. Pharmaceuticals. 2013;6:1451–74.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
CAS
Google Scholar
Nostro A, Papalia T. Antimicrobial activity of carvacrol: current progress and future prospectives. Recent Pat Antiinfect Drug Discov. 2012;7:28–35.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Burt SA, van der Zee R, Koets AP, de Graaff AM, van Knapen F, Gaastra W, Haagsman HP, Veldhuizen EJ. Carvacrol induces heat shock protein 60 and inhibits synthesis of flagellin in Escherichia coli O157:H7. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2007;73:4484–90.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Mahizan NA, Yang SK, Moo CL, Song AAL, Chong CM, Chong CW, Abushelaibi A, Lim SHE, Lai KS. Terpene derivatives as a potential agent against antimicrobial resistance (AMR) pathogens. Molecules. 2019;24:2631. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24142631.
Article
CAS
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Lamping E, Ranchod A, Nakamura K, Tyndall JDA, Niimi K, Holmes AR, Niimi M, Cannon RD. Abc1p is a multidrug efflux transporter that tips the balance in favor of innate azole resistance in Candida krusei. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2009;53:354–69.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Edelsberg J, Weycker D, Barron R, Li X, Wu H, Oster G, Badre S, Langeberg WJ, Weber DJ. Prevalence of antibiotic resistance in US hospitals. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2014;78:255–62.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Costa SS, Junqueira E, Palma C, Viveiros M, Melo-Cristino J, Amaral L, Couto I. Resistance to antimicrobials mediated by efflux pumps in Staphylococcus aureus. Antibiotics. 2013;2:83–99.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar