Matthews DR, Hosker JP, Rudenski AS. Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and beta-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man. Diabetologia. 1985;7:412–9.
Article
Google Scholar
Resnikoff S, Pascolini D, Etya’ale D, Kocur I, Pararajaseqaram R, Pokharel GP, et al. Global data on visual impairment in the year 2002. Bull World Health Organ. 2004;82:844–51.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Jingi AM, Nansseu JR, Noubiap JJ, Bilong Y, Ellong A, Mvogo CE. Diabetes and visual impairment in sub-Saharan Africa: evidence from Cameroon. J Diabetes Metab Disord. 2015. doi:10.1186/s40200-015-0151-4.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Pollreisz A, Schmidt-Erfurth U. Diabetic cataract-pathogenesis, epidemiology and treatment. J Ophthalmol. 2010. doi:10.1155/2010/608751.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Stanga PE, Boyd SR, Hamilton AM. Ocular manifestations of diabetes mellitus. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 1999;10:483–9.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Tranos PG, Wickremasinghe SS, Stangos NT, Topouzis F, Tsinopoulos I, Pavesio CE. Macular edema. Surv Ophthalmol. 2004;49:470–90.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ullern M, Nicol JL, Ruellan YM, Boureau C, Morel C. Extra capsular cataract extraction in proliferative diabetic retinopathy. J Fr Ophtalmol. 1993;16:320–4.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Tabin G, Chen M, Espandar L. Cataract surgery for the developing world. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2008;19:55–9.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Olson RJ, Mamalis N, Werner L, Apple DJ. Cataract treatment in the be-ginning of the 21st century. Am J Ophth. 2003;136:146–54.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Brian G, Taylor H. Cataract blindness-challenges for the 21st century. Bull World Health Organ. 2001;79:249–56.
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Stefek M. Natural flavonoids as potential multifunctional agents in prevention of diabetic cataract. Interdiscip Toxicol. 2011;4:69–77.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Oates PJ, Mylari BL. Aldose reductase inhibitors: therapeutic implications for diabetic complications. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 1999;8:2095–119.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Obrosova IG, Van Huysen C, Fathallah L, Cao XC, Greene DA, Stevens MJ. An aldose reductase inhibitor reverses early diabetes-induced changes in peripheral nerve function, metabolism, and antioxidative defense. FASEB J. 2002;16:123–5.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Goldin A, Beckman JA, Schmidt AM, Creager MA. Advanced glycation end products: sparking the development of diabetic vascular injury. Circulation. 2006;114:597–605.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Yan SF, Barile GR, D’Agati V, Du Yan S, Ramasamy R, Schmidt AM. The biology of RAGE and its ligands: uncovering mechanisms at the heart of diabetes and its complications. Curr Diab Rep. 2007;7:146–53.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Pennathur S, Heinecke JW. Oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction in vascular disease. Curr Diab Rep. 2007;7:257–64.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Pacher P, Beckman JS, Liaudet L. Nitric oxide and peroxynitrite in health and disease. Physiol Rev. 2007;87:315–424.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Koya D, King GL. Protein kinase C activation and the development of diabetic complications. Diabetes. 1998;47:859–66.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Das Evcimen N, King GL. The role of protein kinase C activation and the vascular complications of diabetes. Pharmacol Res. 2007;55:498–510.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Jagtap P, Szabó C. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase and the therapeutic effects of its inhibitors. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2005;4:421–40.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Obrosova IG, Julius UA. Role for poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activation in diabetic nephropathy, neuropathy and retinopathy. Curr Vasc Pharmacol. 2005;3:267–83.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Natarajan R, Nadler JL. Lipid inflammatory mediators in diabetic vascular disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2004;24:1542–8.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hao CM, Breyer MD. Physiologic and pathophysiologic roles of lipid mediators in the kidney. Kidney Int. 2007;71:1105–15.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Drel VR, Pacher P, Ali TK, Shin J, Julius U, El-Remessy AB, Obrosova IG. Aldose reductase inhibitor fidarestat counteracts diabetes-associated cataract formation, retinal oxidative-nitrosative stress, glial activation, and apoptosis. Int J Mol Med. 2008;21:667–76.
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Reddy PY, Giridharan NV, Reddy GB. Activation of sorbitol pathway in metabolic syndrome and increased suscep-tibility to cataract in Wistar-Obese rats. Mol Vis. 2012;18:495–503.
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Bhatnagar A, Srivastava SK. Aldosereductase: congenial and injurious proiles of an enigmatic enzyme. Biochem Med Metab Biol. 1992;48:91–121.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Gabbay KH. The sorbitol path way and the complications of diabetes. N Engl J Med. 1973;288:831–6.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Suryanarayana P, Saraswat M, Mrudula T, Krishna TP, Krishnaswamy K, Reddy GB. Curcumin and turmeric delay streptozotocin-induced diabetic cataract in rats. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2005;46:2092–9.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Misawa S, Kuwabara S, Kanai K, Tamura N, Nakata M, Sawai S, Yagui K, Hattori T. A1dose reductase inhibition alters nodal Na + currents and nerve conduction in human diabetice. Neurology. 2006;66:1545–9.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ding YP, Wu LS, Yu LW. Optimized harvesting period for Dendrobium candidum. Chi J Chin Mater Med. 1998;23:458–60.
CAS
Google Scholar
Bulpitt CJ, Li Y, Bulpitt PF, Wang J. The use of orchids in Chinese medicine. J R Soc Med. 2007;100:558–63.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Fang H, Hu X, Wang M, Wan W, Yang Q, Sun X, Gu Q, Gao X, Wang Z, Gu L, Oliver Chen CY, Wei X. Anti-osmotic and antioxidant activities of gigantol from Dendrobium aurantiacum var. denneanum against cataractogenesis in galactosemic rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 2015;172:238–46.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Wei X, Chen D, Yi Y, Qi H, Gao X, Fang H, Gu Q, Wang L, Gu L. Syringic acid extracted from herba dendrobii prevents diabetic cataract pathogenesis by inhibiting aldose reductase activity. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med doi. 2012. doi:10.1155/2012/426537.
Google Scholar
Diao H, Yi Y, Qi H, Gao X, Fang H, Wei X, Gu Q, Wang L, Wang Z, Gu L. Study on anti-cataract effect of gigantol combined with syringic acid and their mechanism. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2012;37(16):2429–34.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Yi YQ, Yang QH, Su JF, Chen J, Qi H, Chen D, Wei XY. Experimental study on reclinical quality control, urgent poison and irritation of Dendrobium aurantiacum eye drops, a class I new drug against diabetic cataract. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2013;38(7):1061–6.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Agrawal YP, Agrawa MY, Gupta AK. Design, synthesis and evaluation of Rhodanine derivatives as aldose reductase inhibitors. Chem Biol Drug Des. 2014. doi:10.1111/cbdd.12369.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Jin ZJ. About the evaluation of drug combination. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2004;25(2):146–7.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Cao SS, Zhen YS. Potentiation of antimetabolite antitumoractivity in vivo by dipyridamole and amphotericin B. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 1989;24:181–6.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Yang L, Wang ZT, Xu LS. Phenols and a triterpene from Dendrobium aurantiacum var. denneanum (Orchidaceae). Biochem Syst Ecol. 2006;34:658–60.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Wang L, Zhang CF, Wang ZT, Zhang M, Xu LS. Five new compounds from Dendrobium crystallinum. J Asian Nat Prod Res. 2009;11(11):903–11.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ibaraki N, Chen SC, Lin LR, Okamoto H, Pipas JM, Reddy VN. Human lens epithelial cell line. Exp Eye Res. 1988;67(5):577–85.
Article
Google Scholar
Wu ZM, Yin XX, Ji L, Gao YY, Pan YM, Lu Q, Wang JY. Ginkgo biloba extract prevents against apoptosis induced by high glucosein human lens epithelial cells. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2008;29(9):1042–50.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kinoshita JH, Futterman S, Satoh K, Marola LO. Factors affecting the formation of sugar alcohols in ocular lens. Biochem Biophys Acta. 1963;74:340–50.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Srivastava S, Tammali R, Chandra D, Greer DA, Ramana KV, Bhatnagar A, Srivastava SK. Regulation of lens aldose reductase activity by nitric oxide. Exp Eye Res. 2005;81(6):664–72.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Preet A, Siddiqui MR, Taha A, Badhai J, Hussain ME, Yadava PK, Baquer NZ. Long-term effect of Trigonella foenum graecum and its combination with sodium orthovanadate in preventing histopathological and biochemical abnormalities in diabetic rat ocular tissues. Mol Cell Biochem. 2006;289(1–2):137–47.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Seo HG, Nishinaka T, Yabe-Nishimura C. Nitric oxide up-regulates aldose reductase expression in rat vascular smooth muscle cells: apotential role for aldose reductase in vascular remodeling. Mol Pharmacol. 2000;57(4):709–17.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Saraswat M, Suryanarayana P, Reddy PY, Patil MA, Balakrishna N, Reddy GB. Antiglycating potential of Zingiber officinalis and delay of diabetic cataract in rats. Mol Vis. 2010;16:1525–37.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Takamura Y, Matsumoto T, Tomomatsu T, Matsumura T, Takihara Y, Inatani M. Aldose reductase inhibitor counteracts the enhanced expression of matrix metalloproteinase-10 and improves corneal wound healing in galactose-fed rats. Mol Vis. 2013;19:2477–86.
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Sato E, Mori F, Igarashi S, Abiko T, Takeda M, Ishiko S, Yoshida A. Corneal advanced glycation end products increase in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes Care. 2001;24:479–82.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lewko B, Latawiec E, Maryn A, Barczyńska A, Pikuła M, Zieliński M, Rybczyńska A. Osmolarity and glucose differentially regulate aldose reductase activity in cultured mouse podocytes. Exp Diabetes Res. 2011. doi:10.1155/2011/278963.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Tammali R, Saxena A, Srivastava SK, Ramana KV. Aldose reductase regulates vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation by modulating G1/S phase transition of cell cycle. Endocrinology. 2010;151:2140–50.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Kim J, Kim CS, Sohn E, Lee YM, Jo K, Kim JS. Litsea japonica extract inhibits aldose reductase activity and hyperglycemia-induced lenticular sorbitol accumulation in db/db mice. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2015. doi:10.1155/2015/747830.
Google Scholar
Patil MA, Suryanarayana P, Putcha UK, Srinivas M, Reddy GB. Evaluation of neonatal streptozotocin induced diabetic rat model for the development of cataract. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2014. doi:10.1155/2014/463264.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Sahoo PK, Behera P. Synthesis and biological evaluation of [1,2,4]triazino[4,3-a] benzimidazole acetic acid derivatives as selective aldose reductase inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem. 2010;45:909–14.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kyselova Z, Stefek M, Bauer V. Pharmacological preventionof diabetic cataract. J Diabetes Complications. 2004;18:129–40.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Xiao J, Ni X, Kai G, Chen X. Advance in dietary polyphenols as aldose reductases inhibitors: structure-activity relationship aspect. Crit Rev Food Sci. 2015;55(1):16–31.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Babizhayev MA, Yegorov YE. Biomarkers of oxidative stress and cataract. novel drug delivery therapeutic strategies targeting telomere reduction and the expression of telomerase activity in the lens epithelial cells with N-acetylcarnosine lubricant eye drops: anti-cataract which helps to prevent and treat cataracts in the eyes of dogs and other animals. Curr Drug Deliv. 2014;11(1):24–61.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Yawadio R, Tanimori S, Morita N. Identification of phenolic compounds isolated from pigmented rices and their aldose reductase inhibitory activities. Food Chem. 2007;101(4):1616–25.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Ramana KV, Friedrich B, Bhatnagar A, Srivastava SK. Aldose reductase mediates cytotoxic signals of hyperglycemia and TNF-alpha in human lens epithelial cells. FASEB J. 2003;17:315–7.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Li WC, Spector A. Lens epithelial cell apoptosis is an early event in the development of UVB-induced cataract. Free Radic Biol Med. 1996;20:301–11.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Takamura Y, Kubo E, Tsuzuki S, Akagi Y. Apoptotic cell death in the lens epithelium of rat sugar cataract. Exp Eye Res. 2003;77:51–7.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Li WC, Kuszak JR, Dunn K, Wang RR, Ma W, Wang GM, Spector A, Leib M, Cotliar AM, Weiss M, et al. Lens epithelial cell apoptosis appears to be a common cellular basis for non-congenital cataract development in humans and animals. J Cell Biol. 1995;130:169–81.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Saraswat M, Muthenna P, Suryanarayana P, Petrash JM, Reddy GB. Dietary sources of aldose reductase inhibitors: prospects for alleviating diabetic complications. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2008;17(4):558–65.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Suzen S, Buyukbingol E. Recent studies of aldose reductase enzyme inhibition for diabetic complications. Curr Med Chem. 2003;10(15):1329–52.
Kyselova Z, Stefek M, Bauer V. Pharmacological prevention of diabetic cataract. J Diabetes Complications. 2004;18(2):129–40.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hashim Z, Zarina S. Osmotic stress induced oxidative damage: possible mechanism of cataract formation in diabetes. J Diabetes Complications. 2012;26(4):275–9.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kawakubo K, Mori A, Sakamoto K, Nakahara T, Ishii K. GP-1447, an inhibitor of aldose reductase, prevents the progression of diabetic cataract in rats. Biol Pharm Bull. 2012;35(6):866–72.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hong SB, Lee KW, Handa JT, Joo CK. Effect of advanced glycation end products on lens epithelial cells in vitro. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2000;275:53–9.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Dudek EJ, Shang F, Taylor A. H2O2-mediated oxidative stress activates NF-kB in lens epithelial cells. Free Radic Biol Med. 2001;31:651–8.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hotta N, Kawamori R, Fukuda M, Shigeta Y. Long-term clinical effects of epalrestat, an aldose reductase inhibitor, on progression of diabetic neuropathy and other microvascular complications:multivariate epidemiological analysis based on patient background factors and severity of diabetic neuropathy. Diabetes Care. 2006;29(7):1538–44.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Koukoulitsa C, Bailly F, Pegklidou K, Demopoulos VJ, Cotelle P. Evaluation of aldose reductase inhibition and docking studies of 6’-nitro and 6’,6”-dinitrorosmarinic acids. Eur J Med Chem. 2010;45(4):1663–6.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Maccari R, Ciurleo R, Giglio M, Cappiello M, Moschini R, Corso AD, Mura U, Ottanà R. Identification of new non-carboxylic acid containing inhibitors of aldose reductase. Bioorg Med Chem. 2010;18(11):4049–55.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Meissner A. Noack TProliferation of human lens epithelial cells (HLE-B3) is inhibited by blocking of voltage-gated calcium channels. Pflugers Arch. 2008;457(1):47–59.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kowluru RA, Koppolu P, Chakrabarti S, Chen S. Diabetes-induced activation of nuclear transcriptional factor in the retina, and its inhibition by antioxidants. Free Radic Res. 2003;37:1169–80.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hofseth LJ, Robles AI, Espey MG, Harris CC. Nitric oxide is a signaling molecule that regulates gene expression. Methods Enzymol. 2005;396:326–40.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Sumi D, Ignarro LJ. Regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in advanced glycation end product stimulated RAW264.7 cells: the role of heme oxygenase1 and endogenous nitric oxide. Diabetes. 2004;53:1841–50.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Chiou GC. Review: effects of nitric oxide on eye diseases and their treatment. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther. 2001;17:189–98.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Commission of Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China. Beijing: China Medical Science and Technology Press; 2010. p. 264–5.
Google Scholar
Yang L, Han H, Nakamura N, Hattori M, Wang Z, Xu L. Bio-guided isolation of antioxidants from the stems of Dendrobium aurantiacum var. denneanum. Phytother Res. 2007;21(7):696–8.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Abdul Nasir NA, Agarwal R, Vasudevan S, Tripathy M, Alyautdin R, Ismai M. Effects of topically applied tocotrienol on cataractogenesis and lens redoxstatusin galactosemic rats. Mol Vis. 2014;20:822–35.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ohta Y, Yamasaki T, Niwa T, Goto H, Majima Y, Ishigruo I. Cataract development in 12-month-old rats fed a 25 % galactose diet and its relation to osmotic stress and oxida -tive damage. Ophthalmic Res. 1999;31:321–31.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lee AY, Chung SS. Contributions of polyol pathway to oxida -tive stress in diabetic cataract. FASEB J. 1999;13:23–30.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bron AJ, Sparrow J, Brown NAP, Harding JJ, Blakytny R. The lens in diabetes. Eye (Lond). 1993;7:260–75.
Article
Google Scholar
Monnier VM, Stevens VJ, Cerami A. Nonenzymatic glycosyl-ation, sulf hydryl oxidation, and aggregation of lens proteins in experimental sugar cataracts. J Exp Med. 1979;150:1098–107.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kinoshita JH, Merola LO, Dikmak E. Osmotic changes in experimental galactose cataracts. Exp Eye Res. 1962;1:405–10.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Valavala VK, Rajani KV, Banam VR, Pulukurthi UMR, Turlapati NR. Effect of mustard (Brassica juncea) leaf extract on streptonzotocin-induced diabetic cataract in Wistar rats. J Food Biochem. 2010;35:109–24.
Article
Google Scholar
Steuber H, Zentgraf M, Gerlach C, Sotriffer CA, Heine A, Klebe G. Expect the unexpected or caveat for drug desigeners: multiple structure determinations using aldose reductase crystals treated under varying soaking and co-crystallisation conditions. J Mol Biol. 2006;363:174–87.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Maccari R, Ottana R, Ciurleo R, Rakowitz D, Matuszczak B, Laggner C, Langer T. Synthesis, induced-fit docking investigations, and in vitro aldose reductase inhibitory activity of non-carboxylic acid containing 2,4-thiazolidinedione derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem. 2008;16:5840–52.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Wang Z, Ling B, Zhang R, Suo Y, Liu Y, Yu Z, Liu C. Docking and molecular dynamics studies toward the binding of new natural phenolic marine inhibitors and aldose reductase. J Mol Graph Model. 2009;28:162–9.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Koukoulitsa C, Bailly F, Pegklidou K, Demopoulos VJ, Cotelle P. Evaluation of aldose reductase inhibition and docking studies of 6’-nitro and 6′,6”-dinitrorosmarinic acids. Eur J Med Chem. 2010;45:1663–6.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hohman TC, El-Kabbani O, Malamas MS, Lai K, Putilina T, McGowan MH, Wane YQ, Carper DA. Probing the inhibitor-binding site of aldose reductase with site-directed mutagenesis. Eur J Biochem. 1998;256:310–6.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Yoon HN, Lee MY, Kim JK, Suh HW, Lim SS. Aldose reductase inhibitory compounds from Xanthium strumarium. Arch Pharm Res. 2013;36(9):1090–5.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar