Cornet M, Gaillardin C. pH signaling in human fungal pathogens: a new target for antifungal strategies. Eukaryot Cell. 2014;13:342–52.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Alves PM, Leite PHAS, Pereira JV, Pereira LF, Pereira MSV, Higino JS, et al. Antifungal activity of the extract of Psidium guajava Linn. (“goiabeira”) upon leavens of Candida of the oral cavity: an in vitro evaluation. Rev Bras Farmacogn. 2006;16:192–6.
Article
Google Scholar
Mangueira DFB, Mangueira LFB, Diniz MFFM. Candidose oral. R bras ci Saúde. 2010;14:69–72.
Article
Google Scholar
Monge RA, Román E, Nombela C, Pla J. The MAP Kinase signal transduction network in Candida albicans. Microbiology. 2006;152:905–12.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Colombo AL, Nucci M, Park BJ, Nouér SA, Arthington-Skaggs B, da Matta DA, et al. Epidemiology of candidemia in Brazil: a nationwide sentinel surveillance of candidemia in eleven medical centers. J Clin Microbiol. 2006;44:2816–23.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Pfaller M, Neofytos D, Diekema D, Azie N, Meier-Kriesche HU, Quan SP, et al. Epidemiology and outcomes of candidemia in 3648 patients: data from the Prospective Antifungal Therapy (PATH Alliance®) registry, 2004-2008. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2012;74:323–31.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Dangi YS, Soni ML, Namdeo KP. Oral candidiasis: a review. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2010;2:36–41.
CAS
Google Scholar
Skupien A, Valentini F, Boscato N, Pereira-Cenci T. Prevention and treatment of Candida colonization on denture liners: a systematic review. J Prosthet Dent. 2013;110:356–62.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Capistrano HM, Assis EM, Leal RM, Alvarez-Leite ME, Brener S, Bastos EM. Brazilian Green própolis compared to miconazole gel in the treatment of Candida-associated denture stomatitis. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013;2013:1–6.
Article
Google Scholar
Amin WM, Al-Ali MH, Salim NA, Al-Tarawneh SK. A new form of intraoral delivery of antifungal drugs for the treatment of denture-induced oral candidosis. Eur J Dent. 2009;3:257–66.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Khozeimeh F, Shahtalebi MA, Noori M, Savabi O. Comparative evaluation of ketoconazole tablet and topical ketoconazole 2 % in oralbase in treatment of Candida-infected denture stomatitis. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2010;11:17–24.
Google Scholar
Bondaryk M, Kurzatkowski W, Staniszewska M. Antifungal agents commonly used in the superficial and mucosal candidiasis treatment: mode of action and resistance development. Postępy Dermatol Alergol. 2013;30:293–301.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Kamikawa Y, Mori Y, Nagayama T, Fujisaki J, Hirabayashi D, Sakamoto R, et al. Frequency of clinically isolated strains of oral Candida species at Kagoshima University Hospital, Japan, and their susceptibility to antifungal drugs in 2006-2007 and 2012-2013. BMC Oral Health. 2014;14:1–9.
Article
Google Scholar
Tobudic S, Kratzer C, Presterl E. Azole-resistant Candida spp. – emerging pathogens? Mycoses. 2010;55:24–32.
Article
Google Scholar
Newman DJ, Cragg GM. Natural products as sources of new drugs over the 30 years from 1981 to 2010. J Nat Prod. 2012;75:311–35.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Romero AL, Romero RB, Silva EL, Diniz SPSS, Oliveira RR, Vida JB. Composição química e atividade do óleo essencial de Origanumvulgare sobre fungos fitopatogênicos. UNOPAR Cient Ciênc Biol Saúde. 2012;14:231–35.
Google Scholar
Ahmad A, Khan A, Akhtar F, Yousuf S, Xess I, Khan LA, et al. Fungicidal activity of thymol and carvacrol by disrupting ergosterol biosynthesis and membrane integrity against Candida. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2011;30:41–50.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Alves LA, Freires IA, Souza TMPA, Lima EO, Castro RD. Effect of Schinus terebinthifolius on Candida albicans growth kinetics, cell wall formation and micromorphology. Acta Odontol Scand. 2013;71(3-4):965–7.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Freires IA, Furletti VF, Sartoratto A, Alencar SM, Figueira GM, Murata RM, et al. Coriandrum sativum L. (coriander) essential oil: antifungal activity and mode of action on Candida spp., and molecular targets affected in human whole-genome expression. PloS One. 2014;9:e99086.
Article
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Bakkali F, Averbeck S, Averbeck D, Idaomar M. Biological effects of essential oils – a review. Food Chem Toxicol. 2008;46:446–75.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Edris AE. Pharmaceutical and therapeutic potentials of essential oils and their individual volatile constituents: a review. Phytother Res. 2007;21:308–23.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Pauli A. Anticandidal low molecular compounds from higher plants with special reference to compound from essential oils. Med Res Rev. 2006;26:223–68.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Pina-Vaz C, Gonçalves Rodriguez A, Pinto E, Costa-de-Oliveira S, Tavares C, Salgueiro L, et al. Antifungal activity of thymus oils and their major compounds. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2004;18:73–8.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Mota KSL, Pereira FO, Oliveira WA, Lima IO, Lima EO. Antifungal activity of Thymus vulgaris L. essential oil and its constituent phytochemicals against Rhizopus oryzae: interaction with ergosterol. Molecules. 2012;17:14418–33.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Sánchez MA, Turina AV, García DA, Nolan MV, Perillo MA. Surface activity of thymol: implications for an eventual pharmacological activity. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2004;34:77–86.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Botelho MA, Nogueira NAP, Bastos GM, et al. Antimicrobial activity of the essential oil from Lippia sidoides, carvacrol and thymol against oral pathogens. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2007;40:349–56.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Priestley CM, Williamson EM, Wafford KA, Sattelle DB. Thymol, a constituent of thyme essential oil, is a positive allosteric modulator of human GABAA receptors and a homo-oligomeric GABA receptor from Drosophila melanogaster. Br J Pharmacol. 2003;140:1363–72.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Sanchez B, Gabriel J, Martinez M, Jairo R, Stashenko E. Actividad antimicobacteriana de terpenos. Rev Univ Ind Santander. 2009;41:231–43.
Google Scholar
Slamenová D, Horváthová E, Sramková M, Marsálková L. DNA-protective effects of two componentes of essential plant oils carvacrol and thymol on mammalian cells cultured in vitro. Neoplasma. 2007;54:108–12.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Archana PR, Rao BN, Ballal M, Rao BSS. Thymol, a naturally occurring monocyclic dietary phenolic compound protects Chineses hamster lung fibroblasts from radiation-induced cytotoxicity. Mutat Res Gen Toxicol Environ Mutagen. 2009;680:70–7.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Robledo S, Osorio E, Munoz D, Jaramillo LM, Restrepo A, Arango G, et al. In vitro and in vivo cytotoxicities and antileishmanial activities of thymol and hemisynthetic derivatives. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2005;49:1652–5.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Protocol M27-A2. Reference method for broth dilution antifungal susceptibility testing of yeasts. 2nd ed. Pennsylvania: NCCLS; 2002.
Google Scholar
Deswal DP, Chand U. Standartizationof the tetrazolium test for viability estimation in ricebean (Vigna umbellate T.) seeds. Seed Sci Technol. 1997;25:409–17.
Google Scholar
Siddiqui ZN, Farooq F, Musthafa TNM, Ahmad A, Khan AU. Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial evaluation of novel halopyrazole derivatives. J Saudi Chem Soc. 2013;17:237–43.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Escalante A, Gattuso M, Pérez P, Zacchino S. Evidence for the mechanism of action of the antifungal phytolaccoside B isolated from Phytolacca tetramera Hauman. J Nat Prod. 2008;71:1720–5.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Frost DJ, Brandt KD, Cugier D, Goldman RJ. A whole-cell Candida albicans assay for the detection of inhibitors towards fungal cell wall synthesis and assembly. J Antibiot. 1995;48:306–10.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lima IO, Pereira FO, Oliveira WA, Lima EO, Menezes EA, Cunha FA, et al. Antifungal activity and mode of action of carvacrol against Candida albicans strains. J Essent Oil Res. 2013;25:138–42.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Dutta NK, Dastidar SG, Kumar A, Mazumdar K, Ray R, Chakrabarty AN. Antimycobacterial activity of the antiinflammatory agent diclofenac sodium, and its synergism with streptomycin. Braz J Microbiol. 2004;35:316–23.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Eliopoulos GM, Moellering RC. Antimicrobial combinations. In: Lorian V, editor. Antibiotics in Laboratory Medicine. 3rd ed. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins; 1991. p. 434–41.
Google Scholar
Nightingale CH, Ambrose PG, Drusano GL, Murakawa T. Antimicrobial Pharmacodynamics in Theory and Clinical Practice. 2nd ed. New York: Informa Helthcare; 2007.
Book
Google Scholar
Yang ZT, Wu L, Liu XY, Zhou M, Li J, Wu JY, et al. Epidemiology species distribution and outcome of nosocomial Candida spp. Bloodstream infection in Shanghai. BMC Infect Dis. 2014;6:241.
Article
Google Scholar
Singh A, Verma R, Murari A, Agrawal A. Oral candidiasis: an overview. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol. 2014;18:81–5.
Article
Google Scholar
Meneses EA, Cavalcante MS, Farias RB, Teixeira AB, Pinheiro FG, Bezerra BP, et al. Frequência e atividade enzimática de Candida albicans isoladas da mucosa bucal de crianças de uma creche da prefeitura de Fortaleza, Ceara. Brasil J Bras Patol Med Lab. 2005;4:9–13.
Article
Google Scholar
Basso Jr LR, Gast CE, Mao Y, Wong B. Fluconazole transport into Candida albicans secretory vesicles by the membrane proteins Cdr1p, Cdr2p, and Mdr1p. Eukaryot Cell. 2010;9:960–70.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Manoharlal R, Gorantala J, Sharma M, Dominique S, Prasad R. PAP1 [poly(A) polymerase 1] homozygosity and hyperadenylation are major determinants of increased mRNA stability of CDR1 in azole-resistant clinical isolates of Candida albicans. Microbiology. 2010;156:313–26.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Howell SA, Mallet AI, Noble WC. A comparison of the sterol content of multiple isolates of the Candida albicans Darlington strain with other clinically azole-sensitive and resistant strains. J Appl Microbiol. 1990;69:692–6.
CAS
Google Scholar
Ellof JN. A sensitive and quick microplate method to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration of plant extracts for bacteria. Planta Med. 1998;64:711–3.
Article
Google Scholar
Bicmen C, Doluca M, Gulat S, Gunduz AT, Tuksavul F. Species level identification and antifungal susceptibility of yeast isolated from various clinical specimens and evaluation of Integral System Yeasts Plus. New Microbiol. 2012;35:327–34.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Pozzatti P, Scheid IA, Spader TB, Atayde ML, Santurio JM, Alves SH. In vitro activity of essential oils extracted from plants used as spices against fluconazole-resistant and fluconazole-susceptible Candida spp. Can J Microbiol. 2008;54:950–60.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Giordani R, Regli P, Kaloustian J, Mikail C, Abou L, Portugal H. Antifungal effect of various essential oils against Candida albicans. Potentiation of antifungal action of amphotericin B by essential oil from Thymus vulgaris. Phytother Res. 2004;18:990–5.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Braga PC, Culici M, Alfieri M, Dal SM. Thymol inhibits Candida albicans biofilm formation and mature biofilm. Int J Antimicrob Ag. 2008;31:472–7.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Vasconcelos LC, Sampaio FC, Albuquerque AJR, Vasconcelos LCS. Cell viability of Candida albicans against the antifungal activity of thymol. Braz Dent J. 2014;25:277–81.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Harris R. Progress with superficial mycoses using essential oils. Int J Aromather. 2002;12:83–91.
Article
Google Scholar
Coutinho HD, Costa JG, Lima EO, Falcão-Silva VS, Siqueira-Júnior JP. In vitro interference of Hyptis martiusii Benth. & chlorpromazine against an aminoglycoside-resistant Escherichia coli. Indian J Med Res. 2009;129:566–8.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Zago JAA, Ushimaru PI, Barbosa LN, Fernandes JA. Sinergismo entre óleos essenciais e drogas antimicrobianas sobre linhagens de Staphylococcus aureus e Escherichia coli isoladas de casos clínicos humanos. Rev Bras Farmacogn. 2009;19:828–33.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Patton LL, Bonito AJ, Shugars DA. A systematic review of the effectiveness of antifungal drugs for the prevention and treatment of oropharyngeal candidiasis in HIV-positive patients. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2001;92:170–9.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Mohamadi J, Motaghi M, Panahi J, Havasian MR, Delpisheh A, Azizian M, et al. Anti-fungal resistance in candida isolated from oral and diaper rash candidiasis in neonates. Bioinformation. 2014;10:667–70.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Aleksic V, Mimica-Dukic N, Simin N, Nedeljkovic NS, Knezevic P. Synergistic effect of Myrtus communis L. essential oils and conventional antibiotics against multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii wound isolates. Phytomedicine. 2014;21:1666–74.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Odds FC. Synergy, antagonism, and what the chequerboard puts between them. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2003;52:1.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Johnson MD, Macdougall C, Ostrosky-Zeichner L, Perfect JR, Rex JH. Combination antifungal therapy. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2004;48:693–715.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar