Okwu DE, Uchenna NF. Exotic multifaceted medicinal plants of drugs and pharmaceutical industries. Afr J Biotechnol. 2009;8:25.
Google Scholar
Mahmood A, Mahmood A, Tabassum A. Ethnomedicinal survey of plants from District Sialkot, Pakistan. J App Pharm. 2011;2:212–20.
Google Scholar
Birben E, Sahiner UM, Sackesen C, Erzurum S, Kalayci O. Oxidative stress and antioxidant defense. World Allergy Organ J. 2012;5(1):9.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Shah NA, Khan MR, Naz K, Khan MA. Antioxidant potential, DNA protection, and HPLC-DAD analysis of neglected medicinal Jurinea dolomiaea roots. BioMed Res Int. 2014;2014:726241.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Cordell GA. Changing strategies in natural products chemistry. Phytochemistry. 1995;40(6):1585–612.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Kang JY, Khan MN, Park NH, Cho JY, Lee MC, Fujii H. Antipyretic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory activities of the seaweed Sargassum fulvellum and Sargassum thunbergii in mice. J Ethnopharmacol. 2008;116(1):187–90.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Jassbi AR. Chemistry and biological activity of secondary metabolites in Euphorbia from Iran. Phytochemistry. 2006;67(18):1977–84.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bigoniya P, Rana A. A comprehensive phyto-pharmacological review of Euphorbia neriifolia Linn. Phcog Rev. 2008;2(4):57.
CAS
Google Scholar
Bani S, Kaul A, Jaggi B, Suri K, Suri O, Sharma O. Anti-inflammatory activity of the hydrosoluble fraction of Euphorbia royleana latex. Fitoterapia. 2000;71(6):655–62.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kumar S, Malhotra R, Kumar D. Euphorbia hirta: Its chemistry, traditional and medicinal uses, and pharmacological activities. Phcog Rev. 2010;4(7):58.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Patil SB, Naikwade NS, Magdum CS. Review on phytochemistry and pharmacological aspects of Euphorbia hirta Linn. JPRHC. 2009;1(1):113–33.
CAS
Google Scholar
Barla A, Öztürk M, Kültür Ş, Öksüz S. Screening of antioxidant activity of three Euphorbia species from Turkey. Fitoterapia. 2007;78(6):423–5.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Rahman MA, Mossa JS, Al-Said MS, Al-Yahya MA. Medicinal plant diversity in the flora of Saudi Arabia 1: a report on seven plant families. Fitoterapia. 2004;75(2):149–61.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Sharma J, Painuli R, Gaur R. Plants used by the rural communities of district Shahjahanpur, Uttar Pradesh. Indian J Tradit Know. 2010;9(4):798–803.
Google Scholar
Sikarwar R, Bajpai A, Painuli R. Plants used as veterinary medicines by aboriginals of Madhya Pradesh, India. Pharma Biol. 1994;32(3):251–5.
Article
Google Scholar
Wang L, Ma Y-T, Sun Q-Y, Li X-N, Yan Y, Yang J, et al. Structurally diversified diterpenoids from Euphorbia dracunculoides. Tetrahedron. 2015;71(34):5484–93.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Qurainy F, Khan S, Ali MA, Hemaid M, Ashraf M. Authentication of Ruta graveolens and its adulterant using internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA. Pak J Bot. 2011;43(3):1613–20.
Google Scholar
Parray SA, Bhat J, Ahmad G, Jahan N, Sofi G, IFS M. Ruta graveolens: from traditional system of medicine to modern pharmacology: an overview. Am J Pharm Tech Res. 2012;2(2):239–52.
Google Scholar
J H: Phytochemical Methods. A guide to modern techniques of plant analysis. 3rd ed. New York: Chapman & Hall Co; 1998. p. 1–302.
Google Scholar
Trease GE, Evans EW. Pharmacognosy. 11th ed. London: Braillar Tiridel Can Macmillian Publishers; 1989. p. 60–75.
Google Scholar
Kim D-O, Jeong SW, Lee CY. Antioxidant capacity of phenolic phytochemicals from various cultivars of plums. Food chem. 2003;81(3):321–6.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Park Y-S, Jung S-T, Kang S-G, Heo BG, Arancibia-Avila P, Toledo F, et al. Antioxidants and proteins in ethylene-treated kiwifruits. Food Chem. 2008;107(2):640–8.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Cha J-D, Jeong M-R, Jeong S-I, Moon S-E, Kim J-Y, Kil B-S, et al. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of Artemisia scoparia and A. capillaris. Planta Med. 2005;71(2):186–90.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Zu Y, Li C, Fu Y, Zhao C. Simultaneous determination of catechin, rutin, quercetin kaempferol and isorhamnetin in the extract of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) leaves by RP-HPLC with DAD. J Pharmaceut Biomed. 2006;41(3):714–9.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Brand-Williams W, Cuvelier M, Berset C. Use of a free radical method to evaluate antioxidant activity. Food Sci Technol-Leb. 1995;28(1):25–30.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Halliwell B, Gutteridge JM. Formation of a thiobarbituric-acid-reactive substance from deoxyribose in the presence of iron salts: the role of superoxide and hydroxyl radicals. FEBS Lett. 1981;128(2):347–52.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bhaskar H, Balakrishnan N. In vitro antioxidant property of laticiferous plant species from western ghats Tamilnadu, India. Int J Health Res. 2009;2:2.
Google Scholar
Dastmalchi K, Dorman HD, Oinonen PP, Darwis Y, Laakso I, Hiltunen R. Chemical composition and in vitro antioxidative activity of a lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) extract. Food Sci Technol-Leb. 2008;41(3):391–400.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Elzaawely AA, Xuan TD, Koyama H, Tawata S. Antioxidant activity and contents of essential oil and phenolic compounds in flowers and seeds of Alpinia zerumbet (Pers.) BL Burtt. & RM Sm. Food Chem. 2007;104(4):1648–53.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Siddhuraju P, Mohan P, Becker K. Studies on the antioxidant activity of Indian Laburnum (Cassia fistula L.): a preliminary assessment of crude extracts from stem bark, leaves, flowers and fruit pulp. Food Chem. 2002;79(1):61–7.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Umamaheswari M, Chatterjee T. In vitro antioxidant activities of the fractions of Coccinia grandis L. leaf extract. Afr J Tradit Complem Med. 2008;5(1):61–73.
CAS
Google Scholar
Winter CA, Risley EA, Nuss GW. Anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities of indo-methacin, 1-(p-chlorobenzoyl)-5-methoxy-2-methyl-indole-3-acetic acid. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1963;141(3):369–76.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Muhammad N, Saeed M, Khan H. Antipyretic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of Viola betonicifolia whole plant. BMC Complem Altern Med. 2012;12(1):59.
Article
Google Scholar
Petrovska BB. Historical review of medicinal plants’ usage. Pharmacogn Rev. 2012;6(11):1.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Jones WP, Kinghorn AD. Extraction of plant secondary metabolites. In: Natural products isolation. Volume 20, edn.: Springer; 2005: 323-351.
Pin K, Chuah AL, Rashih AA, Mazura M, Fadzureena J, Vimala S, et al. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of extracts of betel leaves (Piper betle) from solvents with different polarities. J Trop For Sci. 2010;448–455.
Shabbir M, Khan MR, Saeed N. Assessment of phytochemicals, antioxidant, anti-lipid peroxidation and anti-hemolytic activity of extract and various fractions of Maytenus royleanus leaves. BMC Complem Altern Med. 2013;13(1):143.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Sahreen S, Khan MR, Khan RA. Comprehensive assessment of phenolics and antiradical potential of Rumex hastatus D. Don. roots. BMC Complem Altern Med. 2014;14(1):47.
Article
Google Scholar
Kubola J, Siriamornpun S. Phytochemicals and antioxidant activity of different fruit fractions (peel, pulp, aril and seed) of Thai gac (Momordica cochinchinensis Spreng). Food Chem. 2011;127(3):1138–45.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Khan MA, Rahman AA, Islam S, Khandokhar P, Parvin S, Islam MB, et al. A comparative study on the antioxidant activity of methanolic extracts from different parts of Morus alba L.(Moraceae). BMC Res Notes. 2013;6(1):24.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Khan RA, Khan MR, Sahreen S, Ahmed M. Evaluation of phenolic contents and antioxidant activity of various solvent extracts of Sonchus asper (L.) Hill. Chem Cent J. 2012;6(1):12.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Bokhari J, Khan MR, Shabbir M, Rashid U, Jan S, Zai JA. Evaluation of diverse antioxidant activities of Galium aparine. Spectrochim Acta A. 2013;102:24–9.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Tan Z, Shahidi F. Antioxidant activity of phytosteryl phenolates in different model systems. Food Chem. 2013;138(2):1220–4.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kohen R, Nyska A, Invited review. Oxidation of biological systems: oxidative stress phenomena, antioxidants, redox reactions, and methods for their quantification. Toxicol Pathol. 2002;30(6):620–50.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Wu N, Kong Y, Fu Y, Zu Y, Yang Z, Yang M, et al. In vitro antioxidant properties, DNA damage protective activity, and xanthine oxidase inhibitory effect of cajaninstilbene acid, a stilbene compound derived from pigeon pea Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] leaves. J Agr Food Chem. 2010;59(1):437–43.
Article
Google Scholar
Kehrer JP. The Haber–Weiss reaction and mechanisms of toxicity. Toxicology. 2000;149(1):43–50.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ahmad B, Khan MR, Shah NA, Khan RA. In vitro antioxidant potential of Dicliptera roxburghiana. BMC Complem Altern Med. 2013;13(1):140.
Article
Google Scholar
Duenas M, Hernandez T, Estrella I. Assessment of in vitro antioxidant capacity of the seed coat and the cotyledon of legumes in relation to their phenolic contents. Food Chem. 2006;98(1):95–103.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Kilani S, Sghaier MB, Limem I, Bouhlel I, Boubaker J, Bhouri W, et al. In vitro evaluation of antibacterial, antioxidant, cytotoxic and apoptotic activities of the tubers infusion and extracts of Cyperus rotundus. Bioresource Technol. 2008;99(18):9004–8.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Prieto P, Pineda M, Aguilar M. Spectrophotometric quantitation of antioxidant capacity through the formation of a phosphomolybdenum complex: specific application to the determination of vitamin E. Anal Biochem. 1999;269(2):337–41.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lee SK, Mbwambo Z, Chung H, Luyengi L, Gamez E, Mehta R, et al. Evaluation of the antioxidant potential of natural products. Comb Chem High T Scr. 1998;1(1):35–46.
CAS
Google Scholar
Jan S, Khan MR, Rashid U, Bokhari J. Assessment of antioxidant potential, total phenolics and flavonoids of different solvent fractions of Monotheca buxifolia fruit. Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives. 2013;4(5):246–54.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Gordon M. The mechanism of antioxidant action in vitro. In: Food antioxidants. edn.: Springer; 1990: 1-18.
Flower R, Blackwell G. Anti-inflammatory steroids induce biosynthesis of a phospholipase A2 inhibitor which prevents prostaglandin generation. Nature. 1979;278:456–9.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Uma B, Yegnanarayan R, Pophale P, Zambare M, Somani R. Antinociceptive evaluation of an ethanol extract of Achyranthes aspera (agadha) in animal models of nociception. Int J Phyto. 2010;2:4.
Google Scholar
Barnes PJ, Adcock I, Spedding M, Vanhoutte PM. Anti-inflammatory actions of steroids: molecular mechanisms. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 1993;14(12):436–41.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Gomez M, Saenz M, Garcia M, Fernandez M. Study of the topical anti-inflammatory activity of Achillea ageratum on chronic and acute inflammation models. Z Naturforsch C. 1999;54(11):937–41.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Conforti F, Sosa S, Marrelli M, Menichini F, Statti GA, Uzunov D, et al. In vivo anti-inflammatory and in vitro antioxidant activities of Mediterranean dietary plants. J Ethnopharmacol. 2008;116(1):144–51.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Shah SMM, Sadiq A, Shah SMH, Ullah F. Antioxidant, total phenolic contents and antinociceptive potential of Teucrium stocksianum methanolic extract in different animal models. BMC Complem Alten Med. 2014;14(1):181.
Article
Google Scholar
Afsar T, Khan MR, Razak S, Ullah S, Mirza B. Antipyretic, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of Acacia hydaspica R. Parker and its phytochemical analysis. BMC Complem Altern Med. 2015;15(1):136.
Article
Google Scholar
Bokhari J, Khan MR, Haq IU. Assessment of phytochemicals, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory potential of Boerhavia procumbens Banks ex Roxb. Toxicol Ind Health. 2015;0748233714567183.
Bokhari J, Khan MR. Evaluation of anti-asthmatic and antioxidant potential of Boerhavia procumbens in toluene diisocyanate (TDI) treated rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 2015;172:377–85.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Mondal H, Saha S, Awang K, Hossain H, Ablat A, Islam MK, et al. Central-stimulating and analgesic activity of the ethanolic extract of Alternanthera sessilis in mice. BMC Complem Altern Med. 2014;14:398.
Article
Google Scholar
Backhouse N, Rosales L, Apablaza C, Goïty L, Erazo S, Negrete R, et al. Analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of Buddleja globosa, Buddlejaceae. J Ethnopharmacol. 2008;116(2):263–9.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar