Table 2 Urinary (24 h) excretions and serum analysis of kidney stone-forming electrolytes and kidney function markers in experimental male Wistar rats treated with selected plant extracts at 200 mg/kg dose on 28th day post-treatment. The mixed extract = the combination of A. aspera, S. punctata and R. abyssinicus extracts (1:1:1 ratio), Aqueous (aq.), Ethyl acetate (EtOAc), Butanol (BuOH), Chloroform (Chl), and Petroleum ether (PET). The data were presented the mean ± SD for 6 rats in each group (n = 6). Comparisons between means were made against Group I (vehicle control) and Group II (lithiatic control). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 indicate significant changes in comparison with Group I (vehicle control), #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01, ###p < 0.001 indicate a significant change in comparison with Group II (lithiatic control)

 I.

Normal control (DH₂O)

135 ± 33.85

25.33 ± 6.44

142.56 ± 17.71

1.11 ± 0.09

3.50 ± 0.74

2.14 ± 0.33

 II.

Lithiatic control

213 ± 48.14

43.00 ± 11.91

189.30 ± 21.65

5.11 ± 2.53

12.13 ± 5.35

5.13 ± 1.71

 III.

K-Cit (2.5 g/kg)

154 ± 32.32#

35.75 ± 7.03

145.20 ± 15.25#

2.51 ± 0.76#

7.66 ± 2.90*#

3.05 ± 0.98

 IV.

Cystone (750 mg/kg)

163 ± 18.14#

38.03 ± 5.19

157.58 ± 16.51

3.13 ± 1.03*

8.50 ± 1.57**

3.12 ± 1.07

 V.

G. fruticosus PET extracts

204 ± 34.05**

43.98 ± 7.11*

166.03 ± 15.12*

4.15 ± 0.33**

9.15 ± 1.87**

5.11 ± 0.33*

 VI.

G. fruticosus Chl. extracts

213 ± 33.71**

39.83 ± 6.45

164.50 ± 15.73*

3.68 ± 0.66*

8.98 ± 3.32**

5.30 ± 1.20*

 VII.

G. fruticosus EtOAc extra

128.5 ± 10.19###

31.08 ± 4.50

144.21 ± 20.06#

3.41 ± 0.47*

4.66 ± 1.09##

4.83 ± 0.71

 VIII.

G. fruticosus BuOH extracts

133 ± 15.04##

21.41 ± 3.82##

143.78 ± 14.37#

3.36 ± 0.87*

4.97 ± 0.75##

3.91 ± 0. 67#

 IX.

G. fruticosus aq. fraction

148 ± 17.03#

27.50 ± 6.73#

148.00 ± 18.00#

3.35 ± 0.12*

8.90 ± 2.15*#

3.79 ± 2.11

 I.

Normal control (DH₂O)

157 ± 6.25

5.17 ± 1.25

82 ± 4.33

1.03 ± 0.05

3.50 ± 0.74

0.97 ± 0.08

 II.

Lithiatic control

219 ± 13.24

9. 14 ± 2.31

113. ± 7.25

5.29 ± 0.89

13.19 ± 3.02

6.74 ± 2.34

 III.

K-Cit (2.5 g/kg)

16*.5 ± 6.19#

7.3 ± 1.77

93 ± 6.19

2.68 ± 0.50#

5.63 ± 1.34##

2.50 ± 1.05##

 IV.

Cystone (750 mg/kg)

175 ± 10.32#

6.1 ± 2.03

88 ± 6.22

3.19 ± 0.39

7.85 ± 2.55*#

4.21 ± 0.89#

 V.

G. fruticosus PET extract

203 ± 17.16**

8.20 ± 2.13*

129 ± 6.51*

5.93 ± 0.16**

7.82 ± 1.20*#

4.18 ± 0.78*

 VI.

G. fruticosus Chl. extract

193 ± 12.50*

9.50 ± 2.17*

122 ± 9.54*

4.03 ± 0.39*

6.93 ± 1.54*#

5.40 ± 1.33**

 VII.

G. fruticosus EtOAc extract

169 ± 8.34#

4.85 ± 0.93##

94 ± 5.78

3.67 ± 0.04

5.04 ± 1.43##

2.76 ± 0.61##

 VIII.

G. fruticosus BuOH extract

174 ± 11.23#

8.22 ± 2.07*

79 ± 4.13#

3.19 ± 0.07

7.98 ± 2.17*#

5.22 ± 1.27*

 IX.

G. fruticosus aq. fraction

185 ± 8.37*

5.16 ± 1.64#

87 ± 4.84#

3.18 ± 0.60

6.23 ± 2.17*#

4.93 ± 0.44*