Table 1 Studies included in the systematic review
From: Wrist-ankle acupuncture has a positive effect on cancer pain: a meta-analysis
Author, year | Sample | Age | Gender | Cancer type | The intervention for treatment group | The intervention for control group | Outcome indicator | Adverse reactions (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Shen, 2000 [19] | ADG: 34 CG: 31 | ADG: 24–76 CG: 32–68 | ADG:female 3 male 31 CG: female 3 male 28 | Mixed | WAA + drug | Grade II pain: weak opioid analgesics plus adjuvants Grade III pain: strong opioid analgesics plus adjuvants | Pain relief rate | Not reported |
Hu, 2004 [20] | Moderate pain group AG: 20 CG I: 20 Severe pain group AG: 16 CG II: 20 ADG: 18 | Moderate pain group AG:48.9 ± 13.0 CG I:49.7 ± 13.5 Severe pain group AG: 48.3 ± 7.9 CG II:51.1 ± 8.9 ADG:53.6 ± 11.3 | Moderate pain group AG:female 2 male 18 CG I:female 3 male 17 Severe pain group AG: female 2 male 14 CG II:female 3 male 17 ADG:female 0 male 18 | Liver cancer | WAA/ WAA + drug | CG I: weak opioids (Such as codeine) CGII: morphine sulfate sustained-release tablets as a representative treatment | Pain relief rate; NRS | ADG: 3(16.7) CG II: 12(60) |
Han, 2012 [21] | AG:25 CG:25 | AG:20–71 CG:19–73 | AG:female 8 male 17 CG:female 6 male 19 | Liver cancer | WAA | Three-step drug analgesia | Pain relief rate | AG: 2 (8) CG: 19 (76) |
Author, year | Sample | Age | Gender | Cancer type | The intervention for treatment group | The intervention for control group | Outcome indicator | Adverse reactions (%) |
Zeng, 2014 [22] | AG:30 CG:30 | AG:53.8 ± 12.8 CG:49.0 ± 14.1 | AG:female 3 male 27 CG:female 2 male 28 | Liver cancer | WAA | A single dose of morphine sulfate 10 mg | Pain relief rate | Unclear |
Dong, 2015 [23] | AG:49 CG:36 ADG:41 | AG:61 ± 13 CG:59 ± 12 ADG:63 ± 11 | AG:female 16 male 33 CG:female 13 male 23 ADG:female 14 male 27 | Liver cancer | WAA / WAA + drug | Three-step drug analgesia | Pain relief rate | AG:12(24.5) CG:35(97.2) ADG:39(95.1) |
Wang, 2017 [24] | AG:20 CG:20 ADG:20 | 19–81 | Female 25 male 35 | Mixed | WAA / WAA + drug | Three-step drug analgesia | Pain relief rate | AG: 2 (10) CG: 12 (60) ADG: 6 (30) |
Dong, 2018 [25] | ADG: 60 CG: 60 | 47.65 ± 22.41 | Female 41 male 79 | Mixed | WAA + drug | Strong opioid analgesia | Pain relief rate; NRS | ADG:35(58.3) CG: 45 (75) |
Zhang, 2018 [26] | ADG: 76 CG: 34 | ADG: 46–69 CG: 45–75 | ADG: female 26 male 50 CG: female 13 male 21 | Gastric cancer | WAA + drug | Drug therapy | Pain relief rate | Not reported |
Su, 2018 [27] | AG: 40 CG: 40 | 76.6 ± 2.5 | Not reported | Bone metasta- sis of prostate cancer | WAA | Drug therapy | VAS | 2(2.5) |
Author, year | Sample | Age | Gender | Cancer type | The intervention for treatment group | The intervention for control group | Outcome indicator | Adverse reactions (%) |
Fu, 2019 [28] | ADG: 18 CG: 18 | ADG: 66 ± 12 CG: 64 ± 15 | ADG: female 8 male 10 CG: female 8 male 10 | Mixed | WAA + drug | Morphine sustained release tablets | Pain relief rate; NRS | ADG:3(18.75) CG: 9(56.25) |
Luan, 2019 [29] | ADG: 32 CG: 33 | ADG: 31–70 CG: 44–68 | ADG:female 15 male 17 CG: female 13 male 20 | Mixed | WAA + drug | Opioid analgesics | Pain relief rate | Not reported |
Wu, 2019 [30] | ADG: 30 CG: 30 | ADG: 56 ± 3 CG: 58 ± 3 | ADG:female 15 male 15 CG: female 14 male 16 | Mixed | WAA + drug | Three-step drug analgesia | Pain relief rate; VAS | ≥ grade III: ADG: 0(0) CG: 6(20) |
Xu, 2020 [31] | ADG: 39 CG: 40 | ADG:64.9 ± 11.0 CG:67.33 ± 13.1 | ADG:female 21 male 18 CG: female 16 male 24 | Mixed | WAA+ drug | Three-step drug analgesia | Pain relief rate | Not reported |