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Table 4 Respondents’ practice of COVID-19 home remedy use (N = 624)

From: COVID-19 home remedy consumption and perceived effectiveness among adult population in Brunei Darussalam: a PLS-SEM approach

Practice of COVID-19 home remedy use

N (%)

Taken together with modern medicine?

 Yes

513 (82%)

 No

111 (18%)

Taken together with vitamins or supplements?

 Yes

484 (78%)

 No

140 (22%)

Ingredient Source

 Supermarket

247 (40%)

 Given by friends/family

160 (26%)

 My garden pot

22 (3.5%)

 Chinese Dispensary

15 (2.4%)

 Buy from overseas

7 (1.1%)

 Traditional/ Spiritual Healers

7 (1.1%)

Reason for using COVID-19 home remedy:

I used home remedies …

 … to relief/ ease the symptoms experienced

256 (41%)

 … as recommended by my family

197 (32%)

 … as a cure for the infection

117 (19%)

 … to prevent a more severe infection

116 (19%)

 … as recommended by other people

102 (16%)

Knowledge of COVID-19 home remedy:

My source of knowledge for the home remedies came from …

 … family members (including passed down from generation to generation)

233 (36%)

 … social media

194 (30%)

 … recommendations from someone I know (not family members)

184 (29%)

 … internet searches

154 (24%)

 … self-learning

126 (20%)

 … books/ magazine

22 (3.4%)

Type of COVID-19 home remedy:

 Clove

231 (37%)

 Lemon

231 (37%)

 Honey

144 (23%)

 Coconut

29 (4.6%)

 Eucalyptus oil

23 (3.7%)

Habbatussauda

22 (3.5%)

 Traditional/Herbal Cough Syrup

15 (2.4%)

 Turmeric

14 (2.2%)

Perceived Effectiveness

 Not effective or less effective

771 (89%)

 Effective or very effective

93 (11%)