Fig. 11

Modulation of apoptosis-related protein expression in osteosarcoma cells by TGT. A TGT significantly promotes the expression of the pro-apoptotic protein Bax and inhibits the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and the proliferation-related protein PCNA. The negative sign (-) represents the control group, while the plus sign ( +) represents the group treated with TGT at a 75 mg/mL concentration. Moreover, TGT significantly enhances the Caspase-3 enzyme activity in (B) 143B cells and (C) SAOS2 cells. Data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 3). *P < 0.1, **P < 0.01, and ****P < 0.0001 versus the Control group