Table 3 Causal mediation analysis

Simulation-based approach^a

  TE, m (95% CI)

81.4 (55.2–109.4)

82.3 (57.4–110.3)

82.1 (56.7–112.6)

  NDE, m (95% CI)

47.1 (4.6–85.2)

9.8 (-32.9–49.9)

-5.8 (-55.4–43.9)

  NIE, m (95% CI)

34.3 (-2.1–82.1)

72.5 (31.3–121.0)

88.9 (32.7–148.5)

  PM, %

42.1

88.1

107.0

Sensitivity analyses

 Addition of covariates^b

  TE, m (95% CI)

82.8 (53.7–113.1)

83.3 (54.1–112.9)

84.1 (54.1–114.1)

  NDE, m (95% CI)

49.4 (4.8–89.4)

11.1 (-34.7–53.9)

-5.2 (-59.3–45.5)

  NIE, m (95% CI)

33.5 (-3.7–81.8)

72.2 (25.4–123.6)

89.3 (33.7–152.9)

  PM, %

40.4

86.7

106.2

 Weighting approach^a

  TE, m (95% CI)

80.8 (58.1–105.3)

80.8 (58.1–105.3)

80.8 (58.1–105.3)

  NDE, m (95% CI)

50.8 (6.7–89.1)

9.5 (-35.8–49.9)

-7.0 (-58.7–44.0)

  NIE, m (95% CI)

29.9 (-6.1–75.5)

71.3 (30.4–120.8)

87.8 (31.5–146.9)

  PM, %

37.1

88.3

108.6