Table 3 Methods and interventions in controlled trials
Study | Research design | Treatment in intervention group | Treatment in control group | Intensity minutes, frequency duration |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Ahmed et al., 2023 [36] | RCT | RAS (metronome) Treadmill training Physical Therapy | Treadmill training Physical Therapy | 30 min/day 3 days / week 6 weeks |
Bunketorp-Käll et al., 2017 [16] | RCT | Music-based therapy: Ronnie Gardiner Method metronome + music | 2) Horse riding therapy 3) Control group, no therapy | 90 min/day 2 days /week 12 weeks |
Bunketorp-Käll et al., 2019 [17] | RCT | Music-based therapy: Ronnie Gardiner Method metronome + music | 2) Horse riding therapy 3) Control group, no therapy | 90 min/day 2 days /week 12 weeks |
Cha Y. et al., 2014 [18] | RCT | Rhythmic auditory stimulation metronome + music | Intensive gait training | 30 min/day 5 days/week 6 weeks |
Cho et al., 2020 [20] | RCT | RAS (metronome) Action observation training Physical therapy | Action observation training Physical therapy | 2 × 15 min/day 3 days/week 8 weeks |
Choi et al., 2021 [21] | RCT | RAS (metronome) multi-directional step-up training | Multi-directional step-up training | 30 min/day 3 days/week 4 weeks |
Chouhan et al., 2012 [22] | RCT | Rhythmic auditory stimulation + conventional therapy | 2) Visual cueing + conventional therapy 3) Conventional therapy | 60 min/day 3 days/week 3 weeks |
Elsner et al., 2019 [23] | RCT | Overground gait training Music-based RAS (classical wandering songs with a clearly accentuated beat) | Overground gait training | 30 min 3 days/week 4 weeks |
Gonzalez-Hoelling et al., 2021 [24] | NCT | Music-based RAS: RAS from NMT(metronome + music) Ronnie Gardiner Method | Conventional physical therapy | 90 min/day 3 days/week 45.7 ± 20.6 days |
Kim et al., 2012 [26] | RCT | Rhythmic auditory stimulation gait training (metronome) + neurodevelopmental training | Gait training + neurodevelopmental therapy | 30 min/day 3 days/week 5 weeks |
Lee et al., 2018 [29] | RCT | Gait training with bilateral rhythmic auditory stimulation metronome | Conventional rehabilitation with gait training without RAS (acoustic) | 30 min/ day, 5 days/week 6 weeks |
Mainka et al., 2018 [30] | RCT | Rhythmic auditory stimulation + treadmill training | 1) Treadmill training 2) Neurodevelopmental therapy | 15–17-20 min/day 5 days/week 4 weeks |
Song et al., 2016 [31] | RCT | RAS + gait training + neurodevelopmental therapy | Gait training + neurodevelopmental therapy | 30 min/day 5 days/week 4 weeks |
Suh et al., 2014 [32] | RCT | RAS + gait training + neurodevelopmental therapy | Gait training + neurodevelopmental therapy | 15 min 5 times/week 3 weeks |
Wang Y. et al. 2021 [33] | RCT | Music therapy (1st metronome, 2nd music), drug therapy, rehabilitation training and walking training | Drug therapy, rehabilitation training and walking training | 3 h/day 6 days/week 4 weeks |
Yang et al., 2016 [34] | RCT | Real-time auditory stimulation feedback (RAF) + treadmill | Treadmill | 30 min/day 3 days/week, 4 weeks |