Table 1 The frequency and content of CTs used by participates in 2023

1

Nutritional supplements

Glucosamine (100), multivitamin (92), vitamins D, B, C (82), Calcium (73), fish oil (57), lutein (64), probiotics (30), bitter melon (13)

2

Chinese herbal medicines

Combination herbs (36), Scientific Chinese medicine (13), ginseng (3), ganoderma (4)

3

Manipulative based therapies

Massage (11), acupucture (9), Tui-na (10), Gua-sha (6), knife therapy (2)

4

Supernatural healings

Bai-bai (15), pray (8), chanting scripture (2)

5

Exercise

All types of walking (30), fitness (10), hiking (5), jogging (3), Gi-gone (2), Tai-chi (2)

6

Diet modification

Protein-related (26), on diet (24), grains meals (4), Intermittent fasting (4),

7

Bioelectromagnetic-based therapies

Magnetic fields (3), pulsed fields (3)

8

Mind-body therapies

Relaxation (3), Meditation (2), yoga (2)

9

Non-Chinese herbs

Bilberry (5), aloe vera (2),

10

Aromatherapy

Aroma (6)