Table 1 Outline of clinical outcome measures

1. MDS-Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) [21] parts I, II, III and IV

2. MDS-Non-motor symptoms scale (MDS-NMS) [16]

3. 10-m walk test [22]

4. King’s Parkinson’s Pain Scale (KPPS) [23]

5. Timed Up and Go test

6. Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) [24]

7. Clinical Impression of Severity Index for Parkinson’s disease (CISI-PD) [25]

1. Parkinson’s Disease Sleep Scale 2 (PDSS-2) [26]

2. Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire-8 (PDQ-8) [27]

3. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) [28]

4. Schwab and England Scale [29]

5. EQ-5D-5L questionnaire [30]

6. Parkinson’s Fatigue Scale-16 (PFS-16) [31]

7. Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) [32, 33]

8. Starkstein Apathy Scale [34]

9. Wearing Off Questionnaire-9 (107)

10. Gastrointestinal Dysfunction Scale for Parkinson’s Disease (GIDS-PD) [35]

1. Zarit Burden Interview [36]