Fig. 5
Quantification of total A) phenolic, B) flavonoid, and C) triterpene content calculated as gallic acid, quercetin, and ursolic acid equivalent respectively and D) DPPH antioxidant activity of polar and non-polar fractions of I. pseudacorus, I. germanica and I. confusa underground parts. GAE, gallic acid equivalent; TPC, total phenolic content; QE, quercetin equivalent; TFC, total flavonoid content; TTC, total triterpene content; UAE, ursolic acid equivalent; NPFs, non-polar fractions; PFs, polar fraction; EC50 = effective concentration of the sample required to scavenge 50% of the DPPH free radical