Fig. 3

AWE improved the IRS1/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in IR HepG2 cells. HepG2 cells were exposed to 0.2 mM PA in the absence or presence of 0.25 mg/mL and 0.5 mg/mL AWE for 24 h and then incubated with 100 nM insulin for 30 min. A Representative Western blot images of p-IRS1(Tyr 612), IRS1, PI3K p100α, p-Akt (Ser 473), Akt, GLUT2, and GAPDH. B-G Quantitative analysis of p-IRS1(Tyr612) (B), IRS1 (C), PI3K p100α (D), p-Akt (Ser473) (E), Akt (F), and GLUT2 (G). GAPDH is used as a loading control for protein normalization. H–K Relative mRNA expression of IRS1 (H), PI3K p100α (I), Akt (J), and GLUT2 (K) was quantified by qRT-PCR. mRNA levels of target genes were normalized to GAPDH. The data are expressed as mean ± SD. n = (3—6) per group. ^**P < 0.01 vs. Control group. ^#P < 0.05, ^##P < 0.01 vs. IR group. The experiment was repeated three times