Fig. 4

Migration and invasion of SK-N-SH cells. The concentration of astaxanthin used in the experiment was 200 µM/L. (a) Results of the migration assay. (b) Statistics for tumor cell migration in each group. Astaxanthin and si-STAT3 both decreased migration. However, astaxanthin combined with STAT3 showed the best effect. The data from three experiments were used to calculate mean values (± SD). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. (c) Results of the invasion experiments. (d) Statistics for tumor cell invasion in each group. Both astaxanthin and si-STAT3 decreased invasion. However, astaxanthin combined with STAT3 showed the best effect. The data from three experiments were used to calculate mean values (± SD). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001