Fig. 4

Effects of PRE on oxidative stress level in Raw264.7 cells treated with LPS. a Representative Western blot images showing changes in SOD1, SOD2, and HO1 protein levels in cells. b-d Quantification of HO1, SOD1, and SOD2 levels using ImageJ. e Representative DCFH-DA images of Raw264.7 cells treated with 200 ng/mL LPS for 12 h. F Relative ROS levels as quantified using ImageJ software. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM (n = 3). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001