Table 1 Summary of the search strategy used in this systematic review and meta-analysis that assessed the effects of camel milk intake on lipid profile among patients with diabetes

String of keywords

“Camel milk” OR “dromedary camel milk” OR “Arabian camel milk” AND “diabetes” OR “diabetes” OR “type 1 diabetes” OR “T1D” OR “type 2 diabetes” OR “T2D” OR “juvenile diabetes” OR “adulthood diabetes” AND “lipid” OR “lipid profile” OR “Total cholesterol” OR “Triglycerides” OR “HDL” OR “LDL” OR “VDL”

Searched databases

Google Scholar, PubMed/MEDLINE, EBSCOhost, CINAHL, ScienceDirect, Cochrane, ProQuest Medical, Web of Science, and Scopus

Inclusion criteria

P (People): All patients with diabetes (T1D, T2D), including males/females aged > 18 years, from unspecified ethnic/racial backgrounds

I (Intervention/exposure): Intake of CM, in any form (fresh, dried/reconstituted, pasteurized, fermented/cultured) for any time duration

C (Comparison): Comparing consumers with non-consumers of CM, routine, or usual diabetes care

O (Outcome): Effect size of consuming CM on lipid profile in patients with diabetes, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)

S (Study type): Original research, experimental/randomized controlled trial (RCT) study is eligible for inclusion

Exclusion criteria

P (People): Healthy, non-diabetic people, studies exclusively on children with diabetes, athletes, pregnant, lactating, animals, and patients with other comorbidities

I (Intervention/Exposure): Non-CM

C (Comparaison): Non-diabetes comparator

O (Outcome): Outcomes not described in sufficient numerical detail for the lipid profile measures (using curves, and graphs without numerical presentations)

S (Study type): Editorials, paper abstracts, book chapters, case reports, commentaries, expert opinions, letters to the editor, reviews, conference abstracts or proceedings; non-peer-reviewed and unpublished data

Moderators for meta-regression

Continuous, including the age of patients, time duration of CM intake (days/weeks/months); dichotomous, including sex (male/female) and type of diabetes (T1D, T2D), duration of CM intake (> 6 months, ≤ 6 months), type of CM (fermented/pasteurized, fresh)

Time filter

None applied (search from inception)

Language filter

English language only