Fig. 2

The effect of SP extract on HbA1c and serum biochemical parameters. (A) Glucose levels. (B) HbA1c levels. (C) Cholesterol levels. (D) Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels. (E) Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels. (F) Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels. (G) Creatinine levels. (H) Urea levels. (I) High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL_c) levels. Data are presented as mean ± standard error of mean (SEM). Control vs. DM: ^*P < 0.05, ^**P < 0.01, ^***P < 0.001 and ^****P < 0.0001; DM vs. all treatment groups: ^#P < 0.05, ^##P < 0.01, ^###P < 0.001 and ^####P < 0.0001