Fig. 9

Effect of HYD on the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in insulin resistance model (HepG2 cells). The relative mRNA level of AKT (A), PI3K (B), GS (C), PEPCK (D), and G6Pase (E) was measured by qRT-PCR analysis. HepG2 cells were exposed to 100 nM insulin and 25 mmol/L glucose only or with 25 and 50 µg/mL of HYD for 24 h. The values were presented as the mean ± SD, with a sample size (n) of 6 for each group. Group comparisons were conducted using a one-way analysis of variance. ### denotes P < 0.001, vs. the control group; * denotes P < 0.05, ** denotes P < 0.01, *** denotes P < 0.001, vs. the model group. # denotes the comparison of the model group with the normal group; * denotes the comparison of the drug group with the model group