Table 2 Comparison of outcomes in treatment groups before and after intervention

Exercise capacity

 6MWT (m)

Before intervention

440.74 ± 82.00

501.26 ± 74.08

 < 0.001

After intervention

434.07 ± 83.12

535.78 ± 55.09

P^b

0.074

0.005

Lung function test

 FEV1 (L)

Before intervention

1.52 ± 0.57

1.63 ± 0.57

0.044

After intervention

1.37 ± 0.46

1.66 ± 0.58

P^b

0.091

0.717

 FVC (L)

Before intervention

2.52 ± 0.85

2.74 ± 0.72

0.071

After intervention

2.37 ± 0.74

2.78 ± 0.64

P^b

0.246

0.633

 FEV1% pred (%)

Before intervention

59.16 ± 18.15

59.18 ± 18.41

0.460

After intervention

57.49 ± 16.88

59.57 ± 20.01

P^b

0.326

0.876

 FVC% pred (%)

Before intervention

74.67 ± 19.68

82.33 ± 27.63

0.140

After intervention

71.09 ± 20.02

83.56 ± 25.81

P^b

0.326

0.584

 FEV1/FVC% (%)

Before intervention

60.00 ± 8.87

58.86 ± 10.42

0.901

After intervention

57.47 ± 13.59

58.53 ± 11.00

P^b

0.764

0.672

Skeletal muscle strength

 Elbow isokinetic strength test

  PT(Nm)-Extensor muscle

Before intervention

36.83 ± 8.93

25.86 ± 9.03

0.415

After intervention

36.70 ± 8.75

29.95 ± 8.52

P^b

0.757

0.068

  PT(Nm)-Flexor muscle

Before intervention

37.72 ± 8.66

30.86 ± 8.44

0.226

After intervention

37.43 ± 7.91

34.94 ± 8.51

P^b

0.598

0.083

  PT/BW(Nm/kg)-Extensor muscle

Before intervention

0.59 ± 0.12

0.35 ± 0.13

0.919

After intervention

0.58 ± 0.11

0.44 ± 0.12

P^b

0.626

0.027

  PT/BW(Nm/kg)-Flexor muscle

Before intervention

0.60 ± 0.12

0.42 ± 0.11

0.584

After intervention

0.60 ± 0.11

0.51 ± 0.14

P^b

0.532

0.049

  TW(J)-Extensor muscle

Before intervention

374.17 ± 113.21

623.89 ± 120.37

0.281

After intervention

385.44 ± 151.85

658.97 ± 132.12

P^b

0.338

0.029

  TW(J)-Flexor muscle

Before intervention

367.19 ± 148.22

699.39 ± 169.09

0.237

After intervention

360.53 ± 150.97

737.81 ± 181.89

P^b

0.168

0.069

  ER-Extensor muscle

Before intervention

0.67 ± 0.12

0.83 ± 0.13

0.001

After intervention

0.64 ± 0.16

1.06 ± 0.67

P^b

0.347

0.264

  ER-Flexor muscle

Before intervention

0.69 ± 0.11

0.87 ± 0.10

0.081

After intervention

0.69 ± 0.13

0.88 ± 0.07

P^b

0.441

0.659

 Knee isokinetic strength test

  PT(Nm)-Extensor muscle

Before intervention

75.46 ± 23.45

74.56 ± 30.79

0.005

After intervention

73.86 ± 22.39

79.92 ± 28.00

P^b

0.178

0.023

  PT(Nm)-Flexor muscle

Before intervention

47.28 ± 19.38

45.18 ± 18.82

0.025

After intervention

45.63 ± 18.46

49.16 ± 15.85

P^b

0.108

0.090

  PT/BW(Nm/kg)-Extensor muscle

Before intervention

1.18 ± 0.28

0.96 ± 0.37

0.017

After intervention

1.15 ± 0.27

1.12 ± 0.40

P^b

0.172

0.019

  PT/BW(Nm/kg)-Flexor muscle

Before intervention

0.73 ± 0.23

0.59 ± 0.23

0.012

After intervention

0.71 ± 0.23

0.72 ± 0.27

P^b

0.118

0.021

  TW(J)-Extensor muscle

Before intervention

850.12 ± 351.37

1204.58 ± 482.78

0.003

After intervention

836.87 ± 332.09

1284.01 ± 513.53

P^b

0.381

0.003

  TW(J)-Flexor muscle

Before intervention

647.67 ± 237.43

805.01 ± 298.48

0.001

After intervention

587.66 ± 214.76

836.46 ± 302.80

P^b

0.016

0.016

  ER-Extensor muscle

Before intervention

0.63 ± 0.22

0.91 ± 0.16

0.376

After intervention

0.61 ± 0.19

0.86 ± 0.14

P^b

0.183

0.199

  ER-Flexor muscle

Before intervention

0.67 ± 0.13

0.85 ± 0.10

0.351

After intervention

0.62 ± 0.14

0.80 ± 0.09

P^b

0.001

0.141

Quality of life

 SGRQ score

  Total

Before intervention

37.16 ± 15.02

36.18 ± 11.76

 < 0.001

After intervention

37.47 ± 17.82

23.29 ± 10.59

P^b

0.833

 < 0.001

  Symptom

Before intervention

52.16 ± 18.43

53.24 ± 17.89

 < 0.001

After intervention

51.79 ± 25.48

27.41 ± 11.84

P^b

0.936

 < 0.001

  Activity

Before intervention

41.58 ± 17.30

48.12 ± 13.02

 < 0.001

After intervention

49.05 ± 23.11

35.47 ± 13.83

P^b

0.011

0.002

  Impact

Before intervention

29.42 ± 14.27

24.18 ± 15.17

0.003

After intervention

32.42 ± 19.62

15.41 ± 13.19

P^b

0.274

0.006