Fig. 3

Effects of PF on the production of TNF-α (A), IL-1β (B), IL-6 (C), and IL-10 (D) in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macropages. RAW 264.7 cells were pretreated with PF (0, 3, 6, and 12 μM) for 1 h, followed by the addition of LPS (1 μg/mL) for 24 h. The supernatant was collected for the levels of TNF-α (A), IL-1β (B), IL-6 (C), and IL-10 (D) using ELISA kits. Neither LPS nor PF-treated group was selected as control. Data are expressed as mean ± SD from three independent experiments. ### p < 0.001 compared with control group; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 compared with LPS alone-treated group