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Table 4 Within- and between-group comparisons in the severity of gastrointestinal symptoms during the 12-week intervention

From: The effects of ginger supplementation on common gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial

 

Ginger (n = 26)

Placebo (n = 26)

P-value b

Baseline

Endpoint

Change

P-value a

Baseline

Endpoint

Change

P-value a

Anorexia

26.92 ± 7.19

22.61 ± 5.60

-4.31 ± 5.59

0.45

14.23 ± 4.42

19.65 ± 5.44

5.42 ± 4.25

0.21

0.48

Dysphagia

2.50 ± 1.08

2.54 ± 1.36

0.04 ± 1.88

0.90

11.54 ± 4.37

9.89 ± 4.28

-1.65 ± 2.68

0.77

0.44

Heartburn

28.65 ± 7.29

14.51 ± 5.46

-14.14 ± 5.45

0.016

16.35 ± 5.14

15.94 ± 5.05

-0.41 ± 5.06

0.88

0.12

Nausea

14.81 ± 5.00

1.38 ± 1.34

-13.43 ± 4.91

0.005

3.46 ± 1.81

10.34 ± 4.19

6.88 ± 2.69

0.004

0.001

Abdominal pain

12.89 ± 4.07

7.20 ± 2.40

-5.69 ± 3.66

0.13

10.19 ± 4.60

13.62 ± 5.17

3.43 ± 3.26

0.30

0.069

Bloating

36.35 ± 6.47

24.78 ± 5.40

-11.57 ± 5.09

0.032

26.35 ± 5.35

30.32 ± 5.86

3.97 ± 3.99

0.33

0.047

Belching

19.61 ± 5.06

19.83 ± 4.68

0.22 ± 2.43

0.93

16.73 ± 5.79

18.71 ± 4.98

1.98 ± 4.08

0.63

0.83

Flatulence

29.04 ± 4.88

31.07 ± 5.48

2.03 ± 6.60

0.76

25.96 ± 5.05

25.59 ± 3.86

-0.37 ± 3.44

0.92

0.49

Constipation

40.77 ± 7.41

16.62 ± 5.65

-24.15 ± 5.10

< 0.001

18.65 ± 5.47

30.04 ± 6.05

11.39 ± 3.23

0.002

< 0.001

Diarrhea

8.85 ± 4.32

5.76 ± 2.40

-3.09 ± 3.93

0.82

9.81 ± 3.75

10.67 ± 4.65

0.86 ± 4.60

0.87

0.57

  1. Note: Data are expressed as mean ± standard error
  2. Note: Data were measured using the visual analogue scale ranging from 0 to 100 mm
  3. a Obtained from the paired t-test
  4. b Obtained from the analysis of covariance adjusted for baseline values
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BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies

ISSN: 2662-7671

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