Table 3 Final changes in mRNA expression levels in PBMCs and serum concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6 and leptin (and serum insulin) in NS intervention period and placebo period among women with overweight and obesity (n = 46) a
Variable b | Black seed oil baseline | Black Seed oil final | Δ Black seed oil | Placebo baseline | Placebo final | Δ Placebo | Treatment effect | Cohen’s dc | P treatment effect | P carryover effect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
IL-1β (fold change) | 1 | 0.55 (0.42 to 0.68) | -0.45 (-0.58 to -0.31) | 1 | 0.76 (0.63 to 0.90) | -0.24 (-0.37 to -0.90) | -0.21 (-1.15 to -0.06) | 0.68 | 0.03 | 0.16 |
IL-6 (fold change) | 1 | 0.82 (0.73 to 0.90) | -0.20 (-0.26 to 0.05) | 1 | 0.98 (0.92 to 1.03) | -0.01 (-0.07 to 0.05) | -0.17 (-0.28 to -0.60) | 1.80 | 0.003 | 0.11 |
Leptin (fold change) | 1 | 0.51 (0.44 to 0.57) | -0.49 (-0.55 to 0.43) | 1 | 1.08 (1.01 to 1.16) | 0.08 (0.02 to 0.10) | -0.57 (-0.68 to -0.47) | 1.90 | < 0.001 | 0.67 |
IL-1β (pg/ml) | 2.77 (2.36 to 3.17) | 2.36 (2.01 to 2.71) | -0.40 (-0.54 to -0.26) | 2.79 (2.40 to 3.17) | 2.88 (2.50 to 3.28) | 0.10 (-0.14 to 0.34) | − 0.50 (-1.30 to -0.10) | 1.60 | < 0.001 | 0.31 |
IL-6 (pg/ml) | 2.83 (2.36 to 3.20) | 2.58 (2.12 to 3.03) | -0.25 (-0.37 to -0.13) | 2.67 (2.26 to 3.07) | 2.63 (2.23 to 3.01) | -0.04 (-0.09 to 0.02) | -0.22 (-1.20 to -0.10) | 0.78 | 0.002 | 0.08 |
Leptin (ng/ml) | 42.32 (40.75 to 43.90) | 33.78 (31.61 to 35.90) | -8.44 (-10.46 to -6.41) | 34.69 (32.60 to 36.78) | 29.38 (26.41 to 32.34) | -5.36 (-7.17 to -3.56) | -3.10 (-13.40 to -0.06) | 0.89 | 0.008 | < 0.001 |
Insulin (μU/m) | 6.32 (6.07 to 6.57) | 5.62 (5.43 to 5.81) | -0.70 (-0.87 to -0.51) | 6.30 (6.04 to 6.57) | 5.87 (5.60 to 6.12) | -0.43 (-6.75 to -0.31) | -0.27 (-3.48 to -0.05) | 0.30 | 0.02 | 0.81 |