Table 1 Sociodemographic and honey use characteristics of participants with mean scores for THLS-32 and HCAMQ

Child

Age: 48.27 ± 9.89 months (8–72 months)

0–12 months

87

9.6

29.49 (7.26)

25–45

21.62 (5.39)

14–39

13–36 months

372

41.0

29.31 (7.13)

25–47

21.23 (4.43)

11–38

37–72 months

448

49.4

29.37 (7.62)

19–25

21.44 (2.79)

12–21

 F = 0.248, p = 0.766

T = 0.065, p = 0.937

Gender

Female

487

53.7

29.30 (7.20)

16–47

21.37 (6.13)

11–39

Male

420

46.3

29.49 (7.32)

16–47

21.25 (6.14)

11–39

T = 0.154, p = 0.881

T = 0.204, p = 0.827

Parents

Age: 39.65 + 8.79 years (24–63 years)

24–34

311

34.3

35.05 (4.67)

25–45

26.19 (5.39)

14–39

35–44

264

29.1

31.86 (6.07)

25–47

22.20 (4.43)

11–38

45–54

299

33.0

22.64 (1.96)

19–25

16.54 (2.79)

12–21

55 and over

33

3.6

17.33 (0.88)

16–19

11.51 (0.50)

11–12

 F = 19.54, p < 0.001

 F = 18.30, p < 0.001

Gender

Female

504

55.6

29.35 (7.19)

16–47

21.35 (6.15)

11–39

Male

403

44.4

29.43 (7.33)

16–47

21.27 (6.11)

11–39

T = 0.155, p = 0.877

T = 0.205, p = 0.837

Education

Primary/secondary school

328

36.2

22.08 (2.45)

16–25

15.98 (3.02)

11–21

High school

439

48.4

30.99 (3.56)

25–38

24.13 (5.70)

11–39

University

140

15.4

41.49 (2.62)

38–47

24.98 (3.94)

20–36

 F = 9.40, p < 0.001

 F = 21.48, p < 0.001

Household income

Income less than expenses

237

26.1

29.10 (7.26)

16–47

21.21 (6.12)

11–39

Income equals expenses

510

56.2

29.51 (7.13)

16–46

21.37 (6.11)

11–39

Income more than expenses

160

17.6

29.43 (7.62)

16–47

21.28 (6.25)

11–38

 F = 0.259, p = 0.772

T = 0.060, p = 0.942

Honey use characteristics

Reasons for honey choice

Accessible

450

49.6

27.37 (6.90)

16–47

19.12 (6.05)

11–39

Effective

316

34.8

32.63 (6.52)

18–46

24.95 (4.77)

12–39

No side effects

141

15.5

28.57 (7.38)

16–46

20.17 (5.29)

11–30

 F = 46.91, p < 0.001

 F = 30.51, p < 0.001

Source of obtainment of honey

Natural

850

93.7

29.35 (7.19)

16–47

21.29 (6.12)

11–39

Processed

57

6.3

29.89 (8.07)

17–47

21.63 (6.38)

11–37

T = 0.540, p = 0.589

T = 0.396, p = 0.692

Honey content knowledge

Yes

42

4.6

45.00 (0.88)

43–47

22.88 (3.45)

20–36

No

865

95.4

28.63 (6.53)

16–43

21.24 (6.22)

11–39

T = 16.21, p < 0.001

T = 1.69, p = 0.091

Sources of information

Family, friends

416

45.9

29.49 (7.13)

16–47

21.29 (6.11)

11–39

Media

252

27.8

29.44 (7.62)

16–46

21.28 (6.25)

11–39

Social media

239

26.3

29.11 (7.26)

16–47

21.19 (6.12)

11–39

 F = 0.258, p = 0.771

T = 0.062, p = 0.942

Honey use before age one

Yes

111

12.2

19.16 (1.45)

16–21

12.62 (1.07)

11–14

No

796

87.8

30.81 (6.55)

20–47

22.53 (5.54)

11–39

T = 18.65, p < 0.001

T = 18.78, p < 0.001

Knowledge of botulism

Yes

39

4.3

32.66 (8.91)

20–47

28.28 (10.29)

13–39

No

868

95.7

29.24 (7.14)

16–46

21.00 (5.69)

11–38

T = 2.89, p < 0.005

T = 7.45, p < 0.001

Use of honey for health issues

Yes

785

86.5

28.34 (7.14)

16–46

19.71 (4.73)

11–28

No

122

13.5

36.12 (3.24)

27–47

31.63 (3.49)

28–39

T = 11.83, p < 0.001

T = 26.67, p < 0.001

Use of honey for cough

Yes

754

83.1

28.05 (7.09)

16–46

19.42 (4.60)

11–28

No

153

16.9

35.99 (3.40)

27–47

30.66 (3.69)

26–39

T = 13.53, p < 0.001

T = 28.37, p < 0.001

Use of honey for diarrhea

Yes

94

10.4

19.93 (4.01)

16–31

12.12 (0.69)

11–13

No

813

89.6

30.48 (6.73)

20–47

22.38 (5.57)

14–39

T = 14.88, p < 0.001

T = 17.82, p < 0.001

Use of honey for oral mucositis

Yes

127

14.0

20.11 (3.47)

16–31

12.61 (1.01)

11–14

No

780

86.0

30.90 (6.55)

21–47

22.73 (5.40)

14–39

T = 18.13, p < 0.001

T = 21.02, p < 0.001