Fig. 9

Effect of GXNT on the ultrastructure of brain tissue in T2DM ZDF rats with DE. The ultrastructure of cortical microvessels and synapses in rats was observed by transmission electron microscopy. Lead citrate solution staining (the red arrows indicate microvessels, and the yellow arrows indicate glial cells) was used to analyze the ultrastructure in each group. (a) shows the ultrastructure of cortical microvessels and synapses in normal rats; the microvessel lumen of the cerebral cortex is large without obvious abnormality. (b) shows the ultrastructure of cortical microvessels and synapses in model rats, where severe microvascular occlusion and perivascular glial cell edema occurred. (c) shows the ultrastructure of cortical microvessels and synapses of rats treated with GXNT 300 mg/kg, showing no occlusion of microvessels and no significant changes in perivascular cells. (d) shows the ultrastructure of cortical microvessels and synapses of rats treated with GXNT 600 mg/kg, showing no occlusion of microvessels and no significant changes in perivascular cells. (e) shows the ultrastructure of cortical microvessels and synapses of rats treated with Met 300 mg/kg, showing no occlusion of microvessels and no significant changes in perivascular cells