Fig. 2

APS restored GSIS impaired by LPS. INS-1 cells were pretreated as indicated for 24 h, starved for 2 h, and subsequently incubated in low-glucose (5.5 mM, LG) or high-glucose (25 mM, HG) medium for 1 h. CON: blank control; LPS: 10 µg/mL LPS; LPS + APS-L: LPS + low-dose APS (40 µg/mL); LPS + APS-M: LPS + medium-dose APS (80 µg/mL); LPS + APS-H: LPS + high-dose APS (160 µg/mL). (A) INS concentrations in the culture supernatant by ELISA. n = 3;^##P < 0.01 vs. CON; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs. LPS. (B) The ratio of the INS concentration in HG medium to that in LG medium. n = 3, *P < 0.05, **^{, ##}P < 0.01