Table 1 Characteristics of the third-wave CBT intervention examining caregivers of cancer patients
From: Third-wave cognitive behavioral therapies for caregivers of cancer patients: a scoping review
Author (year) | Country | Caregivers | Dyad | Patients | Intervention | Control | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cancer type | Treatment/ Stage | Intervention details | Delivery methods | Provider | Duration | |||||
Mindfulness based stress reduction | ||||||||||
Schellekens (2017) [31] | Netherlands | Partner, relative or friend | No | Lung | Mixed | Mindfulness exercises including body scanning, gentle yoga, and walking meditation | Face to face | MBSR teacher | 150 min *8 sessions /8 weeks | Usual care |
Kubo (2019) [25] | United States | Primary, informal caregiver | Yes | Mixed | Receiving treatment | Self-paced program providing guided mindfulness meditation tools | Mobile application/web page | N/A | 10 to 20 min daily/8 weeks | Attention control |
Kubo (2020) [20] | United States | Informal caregiver | Yes | Mixed | Advanced stage | Self-paced program providing guided mindfulness meditation tools OR online virtual class on mindfulness | Mobile application/web page | N/A | 10 to 20 min daily OR 120 min weekly/6 weeks | Attention control |
MBSR-based intervention | ||||||||||
Hsiao (2016) [28] | Taiwan | Spouse | Yes | Breast | Completed active treatments | Body–mind–spirit therapy and assistance coping with stress and marital relationships | Group session | Trained researcher | 120 min *8 sessions /8 weeks | Support program for cancer survivors |
Price-Blackshear (2020) [29] | United States | Partner | Yes | Breast | Stages 0–3, 1 to 6 years post-diagnosis | Mindfulness-based relationship enhancement program | Prerecorded video | MBSR teacher | 60 min *8 sessions /8 weeks | Watching 1 intervention program resource |
Acceptance and commitment therapy | ||||||||||
Mosher (2019) [19] | United States | Roommate or regular visitor of patient | Yes | Lung | Advanced stage | Intervention targeted all processes of the ACT model of behavioral change | Telephone call | Social worker | 50 min *6 session /6 weeks | Supportive expressive intervention and health information education |
Köhle (2021) [27] | Netherlands | Partner | No | Patients were not included | Intervention arm ①: Self-help intervention based on ACT and self-compassion with personal feedback. | Web page | N/A | 60 to 90 min *6 session /6 weeks a | Attention control | |
Intervention arm â‘¡: Self-help intervention based on ACT and self-compassion with automatic feedback. | ||||||||||
Mosher (2022) [24] | United States | Family caregiver | Yes | Gastrointestinal | Advanced stage | Intervention targeted all processes of the ACT model of behavioral change | Telephone call | Clinician or psychologist | 50 min *6 session/6 weeks | Health information education |
ACT-based intervention | ||||||||||
Milbury et al. (2020) [21] | United States | Spouse | Yes | Lung | Stage 4, receiving treatment | Meditation program focused on cultivating mindfulness, compassion, gratitude, and value-based living process of ACT | FaceTime | Psychological counselor | 60 min *4 session /4 weeks | Control arm â‘ : Usual intervention care Control arm â‘¡: Supportive expressive intervention |
Milbury et al. (2020) [22] | United States | Spouse | Yes | Brain | Mixed | Meditation program focused on cultivating mindfulness, compassion, gratitude, and value-based living process of ACT | FaceTime | Psychological counselor | 60 min *4 session /4 weeks | Usual care |
Acceptance-based cognitive behavioral therapy | ||||||||||
Trevino (2017) [30] | United States | Primary unpaid caregiver | Yes | Mixed | Receiving treatment | Acceptance-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy for coping with cancer | Telephone call | Social worker | 45 to 60 min *7 sessions/ 7 weeks | Usual care |
Langerian mindfulness intervention | ||||||||||
Geng (2019) [26] | China | Family caregiver | No | Patients were not included | Establishes scenarios for participants to rethink their usual perspectives | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | 30 min *4 session | Providing one sample form intervention | |