Cytotoxicity, acute and sub-chronic toxicities of the leaves of Bauhinia thonningii (Schumach.) Milne-Redh. (Caesalpiniaceae)

Table 1 Cytotoxicity of the methanol extract (BTL), fractions (BTLa and BTLb) from the leaves of Bauhinia thonningii as well as doxorubicin in the studied cancer cells

Cell lines	Samples, IC₅₀ values in µg/mL or µM (for Doxorubicin), degrees of resistance^a or selectivity index^b (in bracket)
Cell lines	Methanol extract	Fractions	Positive control
	BTL	BTLa	BTLb	Doxorubicin
CCRF-CEM	18.13 ± 1.42	19.51 ± 0.96	17.05 ± 1.03	0.02 ± 0.00
CEM/ADR5000 Degree of resistance^a	29.20 ± 1.77 (1.61)	19.16 ± 1.68 (0.98)	23.49 ± 2.31 (1.37)	122.96 ± 10.94 (6,683.00)
MDA-MB-231-pcDNA	23.09 ± 2.19	17.76 ± 2.01	24.76 ± 1.93	0.13 ± 0.01
MDA-MB-231-BCRP Degree of resistance	26.22 ± 1.61 (1.14)	20.08 ± 0.89 (1.13)	64.74 ± 3.82 (2.61)	0.79 ± 0.08 (6.14)
HCT116 p53^+/+	40.84 ± 3.12	43.60 ± 2.55	52.33 ± 3.71	0.48 ± 0.06
HCT116 p53^−/− Degree of resistance	28.14 ± 1.83 (0.70)	47.40 ± 3.28 (1.08)	48.91 ± 2.89 (0.93)	1.78 ± 0.08 (3.73)
U87MG	22.66 ± 1.76	12.46 ± 0.67	16.55 ± 1.40	0.26 ± 0.03
U87MG.ΔEGFR Degree of resistance	24.43 ± 0.89 (1.07)	15.61 ± 1.72 (1.25)	29.05 ± 1.99 (1.21)	0.98 ± 0.07 (3.79)
HepG2	24.38 ± 1.26	18.30 ± 0.77	30.65 ± 2.16	4.56 ± 0.48
AML12 Selectivity index^b	70.12 ± 3.25 (2.87)	> 80 (4.37)	> 80 (2.61)	> 50 (> 11.59)

^aThe degree of resistance was determined as the ratio of IC₅₀ value in the resistant divided by IC₅₀ in the sensitive cell line; CEM/ADR5000 versus CCRF-CEM, MDA-MB-231-BCRP versus MDA-MB-231-pcDNA, HCT116 p53^−/− versus HCT116 p53^+/+ and U87.MGΔEGFR versus U87.MG; ^bThe selectivity index: ratio of IC₅₀ in AML12 versus IC₅₀ in HepG2 cells [36, 37]. Tested samples were the methanol extract from leaves (BTL), ethyl acetate fraction from BTL (BTLa), and residue obtained after partition of BTL with ethyl acetate (BTLb) of Bauhinia thonningii. In bold: significant cytotoxic effect [61, 63]

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