Fig. 8

TEM images of MC3T3-E1 cells cultured in the following medium on day 1. a negative control (culture medium); (b) an enlargement of the images of (a). c 500 μg/ml Uncaria gambir extract; (d) an enlargement of the images of (c). e MTA eluate with 48 h setting time; (f) an enlargement of the images of (e). g MTA eluate with 4 h setting time; (h) an enlargement of the images of (g). The nuclear membrane and organelles were degraded whereas the nuclear contents and cytoplasmic components were dispersed into extracellular space. (i) 10% DMSO (positive control); (j) an enlargement of the images of (i). Degradation of the nuclear membrane and nuclear chromatin, the permeabilisation of the cell membrane and cytoplasmic vacuolation (yellow asterisk) were observed. The white bar represents 2 μm (magnification x4000); the yellow bar represents 1 μm (magnification x6000). N: nucleus, R: rough endoplasmic reticulum, M: mitochondria, swollen mitochondria (red arrow), autolysosomes and autophagic vesicles (red arrowhead)