Fig. 4

Different levels of concentrations of (a) IL-1β and (b) IL-6. Data were represented as mean SD. The number 24 and 48 refers to different time orders of HT-29 cell line treatments. C, control; SP, Sonicated Pathogen; PL, first sonicated pathogen and then Lactobacillus spp.; PB, first pathogen and then Bifidobacterium spp.; PLB, first pathogen and then Lac/Bif. Data were considered as statistically significant when p < 0.05 (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.001). The γ symbol indicates the relatedness between C24 and C48 with other treatments, the Δ symbol shows the relatedness between P24 and other treatments, and the empty circle shows the relatedness between SP48 with other treatments