Table 1 Potential protein targets of Artemisia annua constituents

Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit

NFKB1

P19838

O-(2-Glyceryl)coniferaldehyde (0.43), O-(2-Propenal)coniferaldehyde (0.5)

Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1

MAP2K1

Q02750

artemisinin G (0.1005), artemisinin III (0.112)

Androgen Receptor

AR

P10275

1,3(15),6,10-Farnesatetraen-14-ol; (Z)-form, Ac (0.112), 4,5-Dioxo-4,5-seco-11(13)-cadinen-12-oic acid (0.112), 4,5-Dioxo-4,5-seco-12-cadinanoic acid

4-Cadinene-3,11-diol; (1α,3ξ,6α,7β,10α)-form, 3-(2-Methylpropanoyl), 5-(2,5-Dihydro-3-furanyl)-2-methyl-1-penten-3-ol, 8,12-Cedranediol(3α-form), Arteannuin N, artemisinin G, artemisinol, 4-Amorphene-3,7-diol

p53-binding protein Mdm-2

MDM2

Q00987

4-Cadinene-3,11-diol; (1α,3xi,6α,7β,10β)-form, 3-(2-Methylpropanoyl) (0.1115), artemisinin G (0.1005)

Cyclin-dependent kinase 2

CDK2

P24941

Artemisinin (0.1005), artemisinin III (0.112), artemisitene (0.1005)

Cyclooxygenase-2

PTGS2

P35354

4,5-Dihydroxy-12,6-cadinanolide (0.112),

4-Cadinene-3,11-diol; (1α,3xi,6α,7β,10β)-form, 3-(2-Methylpropanoyl) (0.1115), 5-(2,5-Dihydro-3-furanyl)-2-methyl-3-penten-2-ol; (E)-form (0.116), Arteannuin M (0.112)

ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1

ABCB1

P08183

3,3’,4’,5,6,7-Hexahydroxyflavone; 4’-Me ether (0.54), 3,5-Dihydroxy-3’,4’,6,7-tetramethoxyflavone (0.65)

TGF-beta receptor type I

TGFBR1

P37173

1,3(15),6,10-Farnesatetraen-14-ol; (Z)-form, Ac (0.112), 4-Cadinene-3,11-diol; (1α,3xi,6α,7β,10β)-form, 3-(2-Methylpropanoyl) (0.1115)

Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor

MITF

O75030

Arteannuin B (1.0)

Fibroblast growth factor 2

FGF2

P09038

2’,5-Dihydroxy-3,3’,4’,7-tetramethoxyflavone (0.33)

Vascular endothelial growth factor A

VEGFA

P15692

2’,5-Dihydroxy-3,3’,4’,7-tetramethoxyflavone (0.33)

Cytochrome P450 1A1

CYP1A1

P11511

O-(2-Glyceryl)coniferaldehyde (0.42), O-(2-Propenal)coniferaldehyde (0.43)

c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1

MAPK8

P45983

Artemisinin (0.1005), artemisinin G (0.1005), artemisitene (0.1005), 4-Cadinene-3,11-diol; (1α,3xi,6α,7β,10β)-form, 3-(2-Methylpropanoyl) (0.1115)

Glutathione S-transferase Mu 1

GSTM1

P09488

Triacontanoic acid; Hentriacontyl ester (0.31)

TGF-beta receptor type II

TGFBR2

P37173

4-Cadinene-3,11-diol; (1α,3xi,6α,7β,10β)-form, 3-(2-Methylpropanoyl) (0.1115)

Protein-tyrosine phosphatase 2 C

PTPN11

Q06124

Arteannuin N (0.162) dihydroartemisinic acid (0.112)

Insulin-like growth factor I receptor

IGF1R

P08069

artemisinin G (0.1005)

Apoptosis regulator Bcl-2

BCL2

P10415

4-Cadinene-3,11-diol; (1α,3xi,6α,7β,10β)-form, 3-(2-Methylpropanoyl) (0.1115)

Estrogen receptor alpha

ESR1

P03372

Artemisinol (0.242)

Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha

HSP90AA1

P07900

2-Methyl-6-methylene-1,7-octadiene; 3-Hydroperoxy (0.116), 2-Methyl-6-methylene-3,7-octadien-2-ol; (E)-form, 2-Hydroperoxide (0.125)

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma

PPARG

P37231

4,5-Dioxo-4,5-seco-11(13)-cadinen-12-oic acid (0.112), 4-Cadinene-3,11-diol; (1α,3xi,6α,7β,10β)-form, 3-(2-Methylpropanoyl) (0.127)

Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha

HIF1A

Q16665

4-Cadinene-3,11-diol; (1α,3xi,6α,7β,10β)-form, 3-(2-Methylpropanoyl) (0.1115), 5-(2,5-Dihydro-3-furanyl)-2-methyl-1-penten-3-ol (0.125)

Progesterone receptor

PGR

P06401

5-(2,5-Dihydro-3-furanyl)-2-methyl-1-penten-3-ol (0.117), 4-Cadinene-3,11-diol; (1α,3xi,6α,7β,10β)-form, 3-(2-Methylpropanoyl) (0.1115)

Estrogen receptor beta

ESR2

Q92731

5-(2,5-Dihydro-3-furanyl)-2-methyl-3-penten-2-ol; (E)-form (0.116), artemisinin G (0.1005)

Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1

FGFR1

P11362

artemisinin G (0.1005)

Telomerase reverse transcriptase

TERT

O14746

artemisinin G (0.1005)

Epidermal growth factor receptor erbB1

EGFR

Q9WTS1

Artemisinin (0.1005), 4-Cadinene-3,11-diol; (1α,3xi,6α,7β,10β)-form, 3-(2-Methylpropanoyl) (0.1115)

Matrix metalloproteinase 2

MMP2

P08253

artemisinin G (0.1005)

Serine/threonine-protein kinase Chk1

CHEK1

O14757

Artemisitene (0.1005)