Fig. 1

Effect of PJ on ROS content and proliferation in MDA cells. a Laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) imaging of MDA treated with the redox probe dichlorodihydrofluorescein (DCF). Left panels show representative images of MDA cells treated with different PJ concentration. The histogram on the right shows statistical analysis of the DCF pixel intensity per cell normalized to control. b Representative Normalized Cell Index (NCI) real-time kinetics of cells growth exposed to increase of PJ concentration assessed by xCELLigence System Cell Analyzer. Cells were grown in complete DMEM medium for approximately 24 h after seeding, then medium was changed, and cells were treated for 5 days with DMEM medium containing different concentrations of PJ. Each cell index value was normalized just before this starting point. c The histogram displays the slope values calculated between the indicated time-points and at different PJ-concentration. All data are presented as mean ± SEM of two independent experiments carried out in triplicate under each condition. ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001; **** p < 0.0001. Statistical significances are referred to the controls