Table 3 Phytocompounds with antimalarial activities isolated from some of the indigenous medicinal plants used for malaria treatment

1.

A. occidentale

Anacardic acid [127]

Cardol triene 1 [126]

2-methylcardol triene 4 [126]

2.

A. indica

Gedunin [117]

Nimbolide [116]

Azadirachtin [118]

3.

C. papaya

Carpaine [135]

Linoleic acid [136]

Linolenic acid [136]

4.

E. chlorantha

Jatrorrhizine [113]

Berberine [113]

Palmatine [113]

5.

M. lucida

Digitolutein [122]

Rubiadin 1-methyl ether [122]

Damnacanthal [122]

Ursolic acid [123]

Oleanolic acid [123]

6.

P. americana

1, 2, 4-trihydroxyheptadec-16-ene [177]

1, 2, 4, 15-tetrahydroxyheptadecane-6, 16-diene [177]

7.

V. amygdalina

Vernonioside A1: R₁ = beta-OH, R₂ = H [140]

Vernonioside A2: R₁ = alpha-OH, R₂ = H [140]

Vernonioside A3: R₁ = O, R₂ = H [140]

Vernonioside B1: R₁ = H, R₂ = OH [140]

Glc

Vernonioside A4 [140]

Vernodalin [140]

Vernodalol [140]

Vernolide [140]

Hydroxyvernolide [140]

8.

G. kola

Kolaviron [159]

I-4′,II-4′,I-5,II-5,I-7,II-7-hexahydroxy-I-3,II-8-biflavanone: R¹ = H, R² = H [160]

II-3,I-4′,II-4’,I-5,II-5,I-7,II-7-heptahydroxy-I-3,II8-biflavanone: R¹ = H, R² = OH [160]

II-3, 3′,I-4′,II-4′,I-5,II-5,I-7, II-7-octahydroxy-I-3,II-8-biflavanone: R¹ = OH, R² = OH [160]

9.

H. madagascariensis

Bazouanthrone: R₁ = Prenyl, R₂ = Prenyl, R₃ = OH, R₄ = H [146]

Feruginin: R₁ = H, R₂ = Prenyl, R₃ = H, R₄ = Prenyl [146]

Harunganin: R₁ = H, R₂ = Prenyl, R₃ = Prenyl, R₄ = H [146]

Harunganol A: R₁ = H, R₂ = H, R₃ = Prenyl, R₄ = Prenyl [146]

Harunganol B: R₁ = H, R₂ = H, R₃ = Prenyl, R₄ = H [146]

10.

K. africana

Specicoside [148]

Atranorin [148]

2β,3β,19α-trihydroxy-urs-12-en28-oic acid [148]

p-Hydroxycinnamic acid [148]

11.

X. aethiopica

Xylopic acid [125]