Table 1 Ethnobotanical data including use reports, citation frequency and conservation status of the identified indigenous medicinal plants
S/n | Local names | Common names | Scientific names Voucher number | Plant family | Habit of plant | Plant parts used | Use value | Citation frequency (%) | Conservation status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. | Mongoro | Common Indian mango | Mangifera indica Linn (FHI 109451) | Anacardiaceae | Tree | Stem bark, root, leaves | 27 | 77.14 | DD |
2. | Awopa or Dokita igbo | African yellow wood | Enantia chlorantha Oliv (FHI 109950) | Annonaceae | Tree | Stem bark, root, leaves | 23 | 65.71 | NE |
3. | Ahun | Stool wood, Pattern wood | Alstonia boonei De Wild (FHI 107254) | Apocynaceae | Tree | Stem bark, root | 20 | 57.14 | LC |
4. | Ewe tii | Lemon grass | Cymbopogon citratus (DC.)Â Stapf (FHI 605214) | Poaceae | Grass | Leaves | 19 | 54.29 | NE |
5. | Egbesi | African peach | Nauclea latifolia Sm (FHI 112779) | Rubiaceae | Tree | Stem bark, root, leaves | 15 | 42.86 | LC |
6. | Oruwo | Brimstone tree | Morinda lucida Benth (FHI 106992) | Rubiaceae | Tree | Stem bark, root, leaves | 10 | 28.57 | LC |
7. | Ibepe | Pawpaw | Carica papaya Linn (FHI 109462) | Caricaceae | Tree | Leaves, Unripe fruit | 9 | 25.71 | DD |
8. | Kasu | Cashew | Anacardium occidentale Linn (FHI 109858) | Anacardiaceae | Tree | Stem bark, root, leaves | 9 | 25.71 | LC |
9. | Aganwo or Oganwo | African mahogany | Khaya ivorensis A. Chev (FHI 56845) | Meliaceae | Tree | Stem bark | 9 | 25.71 | VU |
10. | Boonii | Gum Arabic tree | Acacia nilotica (L.) Delile (FHI 108425) | Fabaceae | Tree | Stem bark, leaves | 8 | 22.86 | LC |
11. | Amuje wewe or Kanti-kanti | Crimson thyme | Byrsocarpus coccineus Schum. & Thonn (FHI 112950) | Connaraceae | Shrub | Stem bark | 6 | 17.14 | LC |
12. | Epoara | Sleeping morning | Waltheria indica Linn (FHI 92465) | Malvaceae | Shrub | Stem bark, leaves | 6 | 17.14 | NE |
13. | Koko | Cocoa | Theobroma cacao Linn (FHI 700314) | Sterculiaceae | Tree | Stem bark | 6 | 17.14 | NE |
14. | Laali (Yoruba), LÇŽli (Nupe) | Henna tree | Lawsonia inermis Linn (FHI 702616) | Lythraceae | Shrub | Leaves | 5 | 14.29 | LC |
15. | Akerejupon or Ajo | Sphenocentrum | Sphenocentrum jollyanum Pierre (FHI 108283) | Menispermaceae | Shrub | Root, leaves | 5 | 14.29 | NE |
16. | Osan wewe | Lime | Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle (FHI 110009) | Rutaceae | Tree | Stem bark, leaves | 5 | 14.29 | NE |
17. | Ayin | African birch | Anogeissus leiocarpus (DC.) Guill. & Perr (FHI 107122) | Combretaceae | Tree | Stem bark, root, leaves | 4 | 11.43 | NE |
18. | Idi | Tropical carpet grass | Axonopus compressus (Sw.) P.Beauv (FHI 109977) | Poaceae | Grass | Leaves | 4 | 11.43 | LC |
19. | Osan-laimu or Osan agan | Lemon | Citrus limon (L.)Â Osbeck (FHI 110008) | Rutaceae | Tree | Fruit | 4 | 11.43 | LC |
20. | Ponhan | Red iron wood | Lophira alata Banks ex Gaertn (FHI 109820) | Ochnaceae | Tree | Stem bark | 4 | 11.43 | VU |
21. | Dongoyaro | Neem | Azadirachta indica A.Juss (FHI 112927) | Meliaceae | Tree | Root, leaves | 4 | 11.43 | LC |
22. | Owu or Owu akese (Yoruba), Lulu fùkà (Nupe) | Cotton plant | Gossypium barbadense Linn (FHI 107327) | Malvaceae | Shrub | Leaves | 4 | 11.43 | NE |
23. | Karandafi or Poroporo | Red sorghum | Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench (FHI 109659) | Poaceae | Grass | Leaves, root | 4 | 11.43 | LC |
24. | Okuuku | Giant rattan | Ancistrophyllum secundiflorum (P.Beauv.) G.Mann & H.Wendl (FHI 50908) | Arecaceae | Climber | Stem bark | 3 | 8.57 | NE |
25. | June 12 | Tree marigold or Mexican sunflower | Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray (FHI 108055) | Asteraceae | Shrub | Leaves | 3 | 8.57 | NE |
26. | Emi | Shea tree | Vitellaria paradoxa C.F. Gaertn (FHI 107924) | Sapotaceae | Tree | Root, leaves | 3 | 8.57 | VU |
27. | Ataile | Ginger | Zingiber officinale Roscoe (FHI 107935) | Zingiberaceae | Herb | Rhizome | 3 | 8.57 | DD |
28. | Pandoro | Sausage tree | Kigelia africana (Lam.) Benth (FHI 107654) | Bignoniaceae | Tree | Stem bark, fruits | 3 | 8.57 | LC |
29. | Arunje | Dragon’s blood tree | Harungana madagascariensis Lam. ex Poir (FHI 107392) | Hypericaceae | Tree | Stem bark, leaves | 2 | 5.71 | LC |
30. | Gilofa or Gurofa | Guava | Psidium guajava Linn (FHI 110937) | Myrtaceae | Shrub | Leaves | 2 | 5.71 | LC |
31. | Emi gbegiri or Akodinrin | Dry-zone cedar | Pseudocedrela kotschyi (Schweinf.) Harms (FHI 106873) | Meliaceae | Tree | Stem bark | 2 | 5.71 | LC |
32. | Ọpẹ oyinbo | Pineapple | Ananas comosus (L.) Merr (FHI 58509) | Bromeliaceae | Shrub | Peel | 2 | 5.71 | NE |
33. | Tude | Powder puff | Calliandra haematocephala Hassk (FHI 45788) | Fabaceae | Shrub | Root | 2 | 5.71 | NE |
34. | Efirin | Scent basil | Ocimum gratissimum Linn (FHI 111995) | Lamiaceae | Herb | Leaves | 2 | 5.71 | NE |
35. | Ewuro | Bitter leaf | Vernonia amygdalina Delile (FHI 112924) | Asteraceae | Shrub | Leaves | 2 | 5.71 | NE |
36. | Ayan | African mesquite | Prosopis africana (Guill. & Perr.) Taub (FHI 112370) | Fabaceae | Tree | Leaves, root | 2 | 5.71 | LC |
37. | Mafowokan omomi or Ahon ekun | Mountain Thistle | Acanthus montanus (Nees) T. Anderson (FHI 107529) | Acanthaceae | Shrub | Leaves | 1 | 2.86 | LC |
38. | Akogun (Yoruba), Kwagũ̀gi (Nupe) | Dutchman’s pipe | Aristolochia ringens Vahl (FHI 112929) | Aristolochiaceae | Climber | Root | 1 | 2.86 | NE |
39. | Gbere (Nupe) | Breadfruit | Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson)Â Fosberg (FHI 110483) | Moraceae | Tree | Root | 1 | 2.86 | NE |
40. | Orombo | Sweet orange | Citrus sinensis (L.)Â Osbeck (FHI 108811) | Rutaceae | Tree | Stem bark, leaves | 1 | 2.86 | NE |
41. | Agbon | Coconut palm | Cocos nucifera Linn (FHI 109665) | Arecaceae | Tree | Husk | 1 | 2.86 | NE |
42. | Ataile pupa | Turmeric | Curcuma longa Linn (FHI 106920) | Zingiberaceae | Herb | Rhizome | 1 | 2.86 | DD |
43. | Iya | African copaiba balsam tree | Daniellia oliveri (Rolfe) Hutch. & Dalziel (FHI 36952) | Fabaceae | Tree | Stem bark | 1 | 2.86 | LC |
44. | Igbaluwere or Ogurobe | Splinter bean | Entada africana Guill. & Perr (NIPRD/H/6412) | Fabaceae | Tree | Stem bark | 1 | 2.86 | LC |
45. | Ipin | Sandpaper | Ficus exasperata Vahl (FHI 109550) | Moraceae | Tree | Leaves | 1 | 2.86 | LC |
46. | Obo | Gutta percha tree | Ficus platyphylla Del. Holl (FHI 78251) | Moraceae | Tree | Stem bark | 1 | 2.86 | LC |
47. | Orogbo | Bitter kola | Garcinia kola Heckel (FHI 109481) | Clusiaceae | Tree | Stem bark | 1 | 2.86 | VU |
48. | Lapalapa funfun | Bubble bush | Jatropha curcas Linn (FHI 109020) | Euphorbiaceae | Shrub | Leaves | 1 | 2.86 | LC |
49. | Ogbesi | Pheasant-berry | Margaritaria discoidea (Baill.)Â G.L. Webster (FHI 43971) | Phyllanthaceae | Tree | Root | 1 | 2.86 | LC |
50. | Ogede agbagba | Banana | Musa paradisiaca Linn (FHI 110122) | Musaceae | Herb | Leaves | 1 | 2.86 | NE |
51. | Ogbo | African Parquetina | Parquetina nigrescens (Afzel.) Bullock (FHI 110044) | Apocynaceae | Shrub | Leaves | 1 | 2.86 | NE |
52. | Nla | Avocado | Persea americana Mill (FHI 109444) | Lauraceae | Tree | Stem bark | 1 | 2.86 | LC |
53. | Abafe | Wild bauhinia | Piliostigma thonningii (Schum.) Milne-Redh (FHI 107815) | Fabaceae | Tree | Stem bark | 1 | 2.86 | NE |
54. | Iyere | Climbing black pepper | Piper guineense Schum. & Thonn (FHI 112922) | Piperaceae | Climber | Fruit | 1 | 2.86 | LC |
55. | Sigo | Elephant’s sugarcane | Cussonia barteri Hochst. Ex A. Rich (UBHdt/SN/173) | Araliaceae | Tree | Leaves | 1 | 2.86 | LC |
56. | Jelenubenu (Yoruba), Gayà ebá (Nupe) | Coffee senna or septic weed | Senna occidentalis (L.) Link (FHI 109866) | Fabaceae | Shrub | Leaves | 1 | 2.86 | LC |
57. | Ajarere | Podocarpa leaf | Senna podocarpa (Guill. & Perr.)Â Lock (FHI 109903) | Fabaceae | Shrub | Leaves | 1 | 2.86 | NE |
58. | Isekotu (Yoruba), Sà ngi yèkó (Nupe) | Common wireweed | Sida acuta Burm.f (FHI 112276) | Malvaceae | Weed | Leaves | 1 | 2.86 | NE |
59. | Opon | Cup of water | Tetracera potatoria Afzel. ex G. Don (FHI 105782) | Dilleniaceae | Climber | Stem bark | 1 | 2.86 | NE |
60. | Aridan/Aidan | Soup perfume | Tetrapleura tetraptera (Schum. & Thonn.) Taub (FHI 110141) | Fabaceae | Tree | Fruit | 1 | 2.86 | LC |
61. | Eeru alamo | Ethiopian or Negro pepper | Xylopia aethiopica (Dunal) A. Rich (FHI 108978) | Annonaceae | Tree | Stem bark | 1 | 2.86 | LC |
62. | Orin ata | Senegal prickly-ash | Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides (Lam.) Zepern. & Timler (NIPRD/H/7101) | Rutaceae | Tree | Stem bark | 1 | 2.86 | LC |