Fig. 6

The effects of (A) AH, (B) BH, (C) EH, and (D) RH on the levels of IL-8 released by PMACI-induced HMC-1 cells. PMACI-induced cells were pre-treated without (normal control) or with increasing concentrations of honey (0.25, 0.5, and 1%) for 1 h followed by a 24 h induction with PMACI. The cromolyn sodium treatment group was used as a positive control. The level of IL-8 released was determined using an ELISA kit according to the manufacturer’s protocol. Results obtained from three repeated independent experiments are expressed as mean \(\pm\) standard error of mean (SEM). *P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01 and *** P < 0.005 as compared to the normal control group (black bars)