Fig. 1

Cytotoxic effect of Kelulut honey on HMC-1 cells. The PMACI-induced cells were incubated without (normal control) or with increasing concentrations of Kelulut honey (0.01 – 5%) for 24 h. The DMSO treatment group was used as a positive control. The cytotoxicity of the treatments AH (A and E), BH (B and F), EH (C and G), and RH (D and H) were determined using a CCK cell viability assay. The results are expressed as mean ± SEM values of three repeated independent experiments. *P < 0.05 and *** P < 0.005 as compared to the normal control group (black bars)