Fig. 5

SIN affected renal mRNA alteration in DN rats. Heatmap showed the clustering of mRNAs in the renal tissues of each group. In the clustering analysis, upregulated and downregulated genes were marked in red and blue, respectively (A). The volcano plot compared the mRNA expression profile in renal tissues of DN vs. SIN (20 mg/kg) group and DN vs. SIN (40 mg/kg) group (B-C). Gene functions and pathways were analyzed by using ClueGO and CluePedia plugins in Cytoscape: The network of hub genes and GO interaction of DN vs. SIN (20 mg/kg) group and DN vs. SIN (40 mg/kg) group (D-E); The network of hub genes and pathways interaction of DN vs. SIN (20 mg/kg) group and DN vs. SIN (40 mg/kg) group (F-E). GSEA-based GO analysis-enrichment plots of representative gene sets of DN vs. SIN (20 mg/kg) group and DN vs. SIN (40 mg/kg) group (H-I).