Table 1 Summary of the included studies
Study ID | Study registration | Sample Size | Setting | Inclusion criteria | Number of CBT sessions | Control | Primary outcomes | Follow up |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cajanding et al. 2016 | N/R | 100 | Philippines | (1) Adults hospitalized patients with HF (2) Not for other co-morbidities. | Once weekly for 12 weeks | Usual care | Quality of life, self-esteem, and mood scores | 13 weeks |
Dekker et al. 2012 | NCT01275742 | 42 | USA | (1) Patients with 21 years or older admitted with HF at 2 Lexington, Kentucky, hospitals (2) Patients with preserved or non-preserved systolic HF were eligible. | A single, 30-minute, one-on-one session | Usual care | Depressive symptoms | 13 weeks |
Freedland et al. 2015 | NCT01028625 | 158 | USA | (1) Patients diagnosed with HF 3 months or less before the screening (2) Current severe depressive episode, and a “depressed” Beck Depression Inventory score (BDI-II) (≥ 14). | Once weekly for 12 weeks up to 6 months | Usual care | Severity of depression | 26 weeks |
Freedland et al. 2022 | NCT02997865 | 139 | USA | (1) Medically treated patients had a New York Heart Association class I-III HF diagnosis. | For the first eight weeks, sessions were conducted every week. | Usual care | Severity of depression | 32 weeks |
Hwang et al. 2022 | NCT01937936 | 26 | USA | (1) Patients had to be over the age of 21. (2) Patients with a primary or secondary diagnosis of HF NYHA class II-IV) (3) Patients with a family member providing care at home and be able to converse in English. | Once weekly for eight weeks | General Health Education | Salivary cortisol | 26 weeks |
Khayati et al. 2020 | IRCT20160924029954N9 | 80 | Iran | (1) Patients with heart failure who had been hospitalized. (2) Detection of heart failure based on patient data (3) BDI score of at least 21, depression diagnosis based on MSE by clinical psychologist | Five sessions | Conventional training | Depressive symptoms and severity of depression | 8 weeks |
Moradi et al. 2022 | N/R | 66 | Iran | (1) According to the AHA, inclusion criteria included age range of 45–70 years, fluency in the Persian language, and stage B or higher heart failure. | Three times a week for 3 weeks | To comply with ethical standards, control group patients had 4 online CBT training sessions. | Death anxiety and depression | 4 weeks |