Fig. 2

L.E.M. extract-stimulated BMDCs promote T-cell activation. CD4⁺ T cells and CD8⁺ T cells were isolated from spleens using the MACS system and co-cultured for five days with BMDCs stimulated by 10 µg/mL L.E.M. extract or 10 ng/mL LPS (a positive control) for 12 h. (a) IFN-γ in CD8⁺ T-cell culture supernatant measured by ELISA assay (N = 3 per group). (b) Proportion of cells expressing CD44 and CD62L analyzed by flow cytometry (N = 3 per group). The numbers show the percentage of CD62L⁻CD44⁺ cells and typical flow cytometry results. The median value is shown in this figure. The data are representative of two independent experiments and were statistically analyzed by one-way ANOVA (*, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; N.S., not significant)