Fig. 1

Design of study: adaptation of animals to the new environment for one week in order to acclimate to apparatus and stress high-intensity interval training (HIIT with intensity of 90 to 95% VO_2max and zero-degree gradient for three sessions/ week for 8 weeks), and consumption of probiotic (received oral consumption (by gavage syringe) of 1 ml cocktail of Lactobacillus species consisting of 10⁹cells, for three times per week for 8 weeks) of shuttle box Test: Passive avoidance learning Test; Blood sampling: 48 h after the last exercise session