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Table 1 Effect of a single dose of TAA alone or after GA and/or Met on levels of some related biochemical parameters

From: Gallic acid and metformin co-administration reduce oxidative stress, apoptosis and inflammation via Fas/caspase-3 and NF-κB signaling pathways in thioacetamide-induced acute hepatic encephalopathy in rats

Groups

GA + TAA

MET + TAA

GA + Met + TAA

TAA

Control

Glucose (mg/dL)

150.4 ± 8.02

130.8 ± 7.92

110.5 ± 9.14b

159.8 ± 11.8

133.9 ± 3.50

AST(U/l)

148.9 ± 5.52b

162.4 ± 2.28ab

145.1 ± 1.90b

200.9 ± 5.00a

131.3 ± 7.69

ALT(U/l)

71.38 ± 2.31b

83.57 ± 5.42ab

65.98 ± 2.57b

103.6 ± 5.77a

63.28 ± 0.83

GGT(u/l)

11.16 ± 0.11ab

8.675 ± 2.94ab

9.669 ± 0.10ab

18.08 ± 0.12a

6.427 ± 0.25

ALP(U/l)

559.1 ± 11.9ab

645.9 ± 22.0ab

475.3 ± 15.15ab

890.1 ± 26.85a

357.9 ± 8.30

DB (mg/dL)

0.168 ± 0.01b

0.221 ± 0.01ab

0.158 ± 0.00b

0.264 ± 0.02a

0.154 ± 0.00

TB (mg/dL)

0.540 ± 0.04b

0.800 ± 0.08ab

0.477 ± 0.03b

1.317 ± 0.13a

0.400 ± 0.01

Albumin (g/dL)

3.302 ± 0.02ab

3.029 ± 0.01a

3.553 ± 0.05ab

2.535 ± 0.21a

4.247 ± 0.27

TC (mg/dL)

100.4 ± 4.89ab

137.5 ± 6.42ab

93.03 ± 6.50ab

155.6 ± 1.05a

74.84 ± 1.33

TG (mg/dL)

111.6 ± 6.80a

93.76 ± 8.22ab

78.84 ± 3.29b

120.6 ± 5.08a

61.38 ± 4.64

NH3 (μM/L)

234.9 ± 3.16 ab

245.05 ± 2.16ab

224.78 ± 2.8ab

305.88 ± 3.24a

81.98 ± 1.9

  1. The data are presented as mean ± SE; n = 6
  2. GA gallic acid, Met metformin, TAA thioacetamide, ALT alanine transaminase, AST aspartate transaminase, ALP alkaline phosphatase, GGT gamma-glutamyl transferase, DB direct bilirubin, TB total bilirubin, TC total cholesterol, TG triglycerides, and NH3 blood ammonia level
  3. a is significantly different from control group at p < 0.05 and b is significantly different from TAA group, at p < 0.05