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Table 3 Results of covariance analysis comparing the post-test values between the groups

From: Effects of corrective and breathing exercises on respiratory function of older adults with a history of COVID-19 infection: a randomized controlled trial

Variable

Test stage

Mean ± SD

F

P value**

Eta squared

Craniovertebral angle(deg)

After experimental

46.07 ± 0.79

27.77

0.001*

0.51

After control

43.33 ± 0.72

Thoracic kyphosis curve (deg)

After experimental

44.28 ± 6.51

8.67

0.007*

0.24

After control

43.68 ± 5.65

FVC (lit/sec)

After experimental

6.08 ± 0.84

4.036

0.055

0.13

After control

5.78 ± 0.54

FEV1 (lit/sec)

After experimental

5.99 ± 0.45

12.15

0.002*

0.31

After control

5.34 ± 0.67

FEV1/FVC (%)

After experimental

93.40 ± 3.88

10.80

0.003*

0.28

After control

92.87 ± 3.80

SPO2 (%)

After experimental

97.33 ± 1.35

27.76

0.001*

0.51

After control

95.13 ± 1.40

chest circumference (cm)

After experimental

102.93 ± 7.23

4.66

0.04

0.147

After control

99.20 ± 8.27

chest depth (cm)

After experimental

21.47 ± 2.20

1.39

0.24

0.04

After control

21.13 ± 1.45

chest width (cm)

After experimental

31.53 ± 3.60

1.90

0.17

0.06

After control

30.80 ± 2.17

  1. deg Degree, lit/sec Liter/Second, % Percent, cm Centimeter
  2. *Significant at P < 0.01
  3. **Adjusted based on pre-test values