Table 1 Breathing and corrective exercises

Breathing exercises [25,26,27]

Diaphragmatic breathing

One set/3reps, 60 s rest gradually in two sets

To prevent hyperventilation, only 3 reps performed

Segmental breathing—deep breathing with emphasis on the expansion of the posterior lower regions—lip bud breathing—Retraining of inspiratory muscles—Lingual pharyngeal breathing—Chest mobility

5 min

Corrective exercises [28]

chin tuck (sitting and standing), Myofascial release (with foam rolling by the person himself)

One set/5 reps, hold for 10 s, 20-s rest (gradually increase holding to 40 s)

Dorsi latissimus, upper trapezius, erector spine muscles

Static stretching exercises

One set/4 reps, holding for 20 s, 20-s rest (gradually increase holding to 30 s)

Stretching exercises of the pectoral muscles, latissimus dorsi, sternocleidomastoid, dorsal spine muscles, upper trapezius, and levator scapulae muscles

Strengthening exercises

Start with a set/10 reps, 60 s rest (gradually increase sets to two)

strengthening exercise of the spinal erector muscle, rhomboid, and middle and lower trapezius

Functional exercises: dynamic and consistent

Two sets of 8 reps, rest 60 s between sets (gradually increase reps to 10)

combo with neck retraction (T position) on a mat or ball, prone same-side arm leg lift, plank leg raises, and overhead press