Table 4 Individual and community factors associated with TMP use for Diarrhea among childbearing women in 32 African countries

Characteristics

Variable

Place of Residence

Rural

1.26(1.06–1.50)

1.15(0.95–1.40)

Urban

1

1

Household Wealth

Poor/

1.54(1.29–1.83)

1.33(1.10–1.61)

Middle

1.19(0.98–1.46)

1.12(0.90–1.39)

Rich

1

1

Sex of Household Head

Male

1.32(1.09–1.60)

1.25(1.02–1.54)

Female

1

1

Decision Making Ability

Yes

1

1

No

1.32(1.16–1.50)

1.11(0.96–1.27)

Maternal Education

No formal education

1.40(1.12–1.76)

1.30(1.03–1.65)

Primary education

1.11(0.90–1.38)

1.06(0.84–1.32)

Secondary plus

1

1

Access to Media

Yes

1

1

No

1.29(1.13–1.47)

1.17(1.02–1.34)

Husband/Partners Educational status

No Formal Education

1.41(1.16–1.70)

1.26(1.04–1.53)

Primary Education

0.91(0.75–1.11)

0.84(0.69–1.02)

Secondary Plus

1

1

Covered by Health Insurance

Yes

1

1

No

2.46(1.66–3.62)

2.41(1.63–3.59)

Getting Permission to go to the Hospital

Big problem

1.26(1.08–1.47)

1.29 (1.10–1.51)

Not a big problem

1

1

Getting Money needed for Treatment

Big problem

1.00(0.86–1.16)

1.01(0.87–1.18)

Not a big problem

1

1

Distance to Health Facility

Big problem

1.17(1.01–1.34)

1.12(0.96–1.29)

Not a big problem

1

1

Random effect result

PSU variance (95% CI

0.27(0.19–0.38)

0.30(0.21–0.42)

0.29(0.20–0.42)

0.29(0.20–0.42)

ICC

0.08

0.08

0.08

0.08

LR Test

71.29, p < 0.001

68.78, p < 0.001

55.66, p < 0.001

53.09, p < 0.001

Wald chi-square

Reference

91.27

172.69

187.82

Model fitness

Log-likelihood

-5912.830

-5004.559

-4520.899

-4391.942

AIC

11,829.66

10,023.12

9063.799

8815.883

BIC

11,847.28

10,083.55

9157.682

8952.06