Development of a novel, entirely herbal-based mouthwash effective against common oral bacteria and SARS-CoV-2

Bencze, Bálint; Temesfői, Viktória; Das, Sourav; Papp, Henrietta; Kaltenecker, Péter; Kuczmog, Anett; Jakab, Ferenc; Kocsis, Béla; Kőszegi, Tamás

doi:10.1186/s12906-023-03956-3

BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies

Table 1 Characteristics and applied parts of the selected plants

From: Development of a novel, entirely herbal-based mouthwash effective against common oral bacteria and SARS-CoV-2

Effect	Name of the herb	Family	Applied part	Main active components	References
Antibacterial	Lavandula officinalis	Lamiaceae	Flos	linalool, linalyl acetate, terpinen-4-ol, acetate lavandulol, oci-mene, cineole	[33,34,35]
	Mentha spicata	Lamiaceae	Folium	carvone, limonene, cis-dihydrocarvone, 1,8-cineole	[33, 36, 37]
	Cinnamomum zeylanicum	Lauraceae	Aetheroleum	cinnamaldehyde, eugenol	[38]
	Eugenia caryophyllata	Myrtaceae	Aetheroleum	eugenol, trans-caryophyllene, eugenol acetate	[39]
	Hypericum perforatum	Hypericaceae	Herba	hyperforin, naphthodianthrones, flavonoids, prenylated phloroglucinols, tannins, volatile oils	[40]
Antifungal	Cinnamomum zeylanicum	Lauraceae	Aetheroleum	cinnamaldehyde, eugenol	[38, 41]
Antifungal	Eugenia caryophyllata	Myrtaceae	Aetheroleum	eugenol, trans-caryophyllene, eugenol acetate	[39]
Breath freshening	Pimpinella anisum	Apiaceae	Fructus	trans-anethole, estragole	[42]
Wound healing	Juglans regia	Juglandaceae	Folium	caffeoylquinic acids, coumaroylquinic acids, quercetin	[43]
Wound healing	Calendula officinalis	Asteraceae	Petalum	flavonoids, triterpenoids	[44]
Natural preservative	Quercus robur	Fagaceae	Cortex	tannins	[45]
Taste	Eugenia caryophyllata	Myrtaceae	Aetheroleum	eugenol, trans-caryophyllene, eugenol acetate	[46]
	Cinnamomum zeylanicum	Lauraceae	Aetheroleum	cinnamaldehyde, eugenol	[47]
	Lavandula officinalis	Lamiaceae	Flos	linalool, linalyl acetate, terpinen-4-ol, acetate lavandulol, oci-mene, cineole	[48]
	Menta spicata	Lamiaceae	Folium	carvone, limonene, cis-dihydrocarvone, 1,8-cineole	[49]
Color	Hibiscus rosa-sinensis	Malvaceae	Flos	tannins, anthraquinones, quinines, phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, saponins	[50]
Antioxidant	Hypericum perforatum	Hypericaceae	Herba	hyperforin, naphthodianthrones, flavonoids, prenylated phloroglucinols, tannins	[51]
Anti-inflammatory	Hypericum perforatum	Hypericaceae	Herba	hyperforin, naphthodianthrones, flavonoids, prenylated phloroglucinols, tannins, volatile oils	[52]
	Sambucus nigra	Sambucaceae	Flos	phenolic acids, flavonoids	[53]
	Calendula officinalis	Asteraceae	Petalum	flavonoids, triterpenoids	[54, 55]

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ISSN: 2662-7671

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