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Table 4 External malformations found in the offspring of females treated with the ethanolic extract of S. lachnostachys (EESl)

From: The ethanolic extract of Salvia lachnostachys Benth is not maternotoxic, does not alter reproductive performance, but has teratogenic potential

External malformation

Experimental groups (mg/kg)

Parameters

Control

EESl 100

EESl 1000

Analyzed Fetuses

131

118

117

Normal Fetuses

116

86

73

Curved Tail

0

3

5*

UPPH

0

3

1

BPPH

2

0

0

UPHPH

5

11

13

BPHP

1

3

0

UAHP

2

0

1

UAHPH

1

0

0

Gastroschisis

1

0

0

Hyperlordosis

0

2

10*

Scoliosis

2

7*

7*

Hematoma

0

1

3

Nasal Septum Obstruction

1

0

0

Frequency of Malformation

15

30*

40*

%M.F

11.45%

25.42%*

34.19%*

  1. Legend: UPPH Unilateral posterior hind paw hyperflexion, BPPH bilateral posterior hind paw hyperextension, UPHPH Unilateral posterior hind paw hyperextension, BPHP bilateral posterior of hyperextension of hind paw, UAHP unilateral anterior hyperextension of the hind paw, UAHPH Unilateral anterior hind paw hyperflexion; % M.F. the percentage of malformed fetuses
  2. *Statistically significant difference (Statistical test: Chi-square; *indicates statistically significant difference compared to the Control group; p < 0.05)