Toxic effects of 70% ethanol extract of Moringa stenopetala leaf (Baker f.) Cufod. (Moringaceae) on fetus and placenta of pregnant Wistar rats

Table 5 Skeletal malformations of 20 days old rat fetuses following treatment of pregnant rats with 70% ethanol extract of M. stenopetala leaf

Groups	Percent of skeletal malformations
Groups	Hyoid^a	Sternum^a	Rs^b	CV^d	TV^b	LV^d	SCV^c
G-I: ((n = 27)	0	11.1	0	0	0	0	7.4
G-II (n = 27)	0	14.8	0	0	0	0	11.1
G-III (n = 27)	0	22.2	0	0	0	0	18.5
G-IV (n = 27)	0	11.1	0	0	0	0	7.4
G-V (n = 27)	0	7.4	0	0	0	0	7.4

Results are expressed as percentage of skeletal malformations (chi-square)
G-I: 250 mg/kg, G-II: 500 mg/kg, G-III: 1000 mg/kg treated groups; G-IV: pair-fed and G-V: ad libitum control groups
CV Cervical vertebrae, TV Thoracic vertebrae, LV Lumbar vertebrae, SCV Sacro-caudal vertebrae
^aSternum with less than 4 ossification centers and hyoid bone not showing signs of ossification
^bThoracic vertebrae with less than 13 ossification centers and with less than 13 ribs
^cCaudal vertebrae with less than 4 ossification centers
^dCervical vertebrae with less than 7 ossification centers and Lumbar vertebrae with less than 5 ossification centers

ISSN: 2662-7671