Table 1 Cases reported in the literature
Study | Country | Sex | Age | Reason for cupping | Cupping method | Cupping points | Diagnosis | Organism | Symptoms | Treatment | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alajmi, 2021 [14] | Saudi Arabia | M | 35 | N/A | Wet | Bilateral lower extremities | Necrotizing fasciitis | Pseudomonas spp. | Pain, swelling, skin lesions, fever | Vancomycin + meropenem, ICU + intubation + mechanical ventilation | Dead |
Hasbani, 2020 [15] | Lebanon | M | 46 | N/A | Wet | Knee and periphery | Septic arthritis | MSSA | Pain, swelling | Aspiration and antibiotics | Complete resolution |
Wang, 2019 [16] | China | F | 12 | Low back strain | Dry | Lower pack | Discitis and epidural abscess | Stenotrophomonas maltophilia | Pain, fever | Piperacillin/tazobactam → vancomycin → rifampicin + doxycycline + amikacin → sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim + minocycline | Complete resolution |
Xu, 2019 [17] | China | F | 52 | Sternoclavicular joint pain | Wet | Sternoclavicular joint and periphery | Osteomyelitis | N/A | Pain, swelling, fever | Surgical debridement + vancomycin | Complete resolution |
Lu, 2017 [18] | China | M | 34 | N/A | Wet | Dorsum of foot | Skin necrosis | N/A | Pain, swelling, fever | Clindamycin → surgical debridement + piperacillin/tazobactam | Complete resolution |
Yao, 2016 [19] | China | M | 54 | Chronic pain in neck and shoulders | Wet | Posterior nuchal and shoulder region | Cervical epidural abscess | MRSA | Neck pain, fever → quadriparesis, bladder and bowel dysfunction | Vancomycin → linezolid + teicoplanin | Partial improvement |
Turtay, 2014[20] | Turkey | M | 51 | Chronic back pain | Wet | Lumbar area | Lumbar abscess | N/A | Pain | Drainage and antibiotics (ampicillin-sulbactam + ciprofloxacin) | Complete resolution |
Lee, 2014 [24] | Korea | F | 59 | Abdomen | Dry | Constipation | Superficial skin abscess | Mycobacterium massiliense | Skin lesion, discomfort | Wide excision and antibiotics → en bloc resection + clarithromycin | Complete resolution |
Lee, 2012 [22] | Korea | F | 47 | Persistent headache | Wet | Posterior nuchal region | Cervical epidural abscess | N/A | Pain, swelling, fever | Vancomycin + co-amoxiclav | Complete resolution |
Jung, 2011 [23] | Korea | F | 56 | left elbow pain | Wet | Left forearm | HSV infection | HSV | Pain, skin lesions | N/A | Complete resolution |