Table 7 Analysis of changes in glucose, insulin, C-peptide, HOMA-IR, and HOMA-IR by C-peptide from baseline to 12 weeks (PP)

Blood glucose

Baseline

117.00 ± 7.85

122.14 ± 7.94

0.0702^&

after 6 weeks

116.78 ± 16.1

110.07 ± 16.85

Difference

-0.22 ± 16.30

-12.07 ± 15.00

0.0432^*

p-value^**

0.9546

0.0100

after 12 weeks

117.83 ± 18.29

108.86 ± 19.02

Difference

0.83 ± 16.19

-13.29 ± 15.74

0.0191^*

p-value^**

0.8297

0.0076

Insulin

Baseline

8.37 ± 3.80

10.16 ± 5.35

0.2768^*

after 6 weeks

7.92 ± 5.17

8.05 ± 6.17

Difference

-0.45 ± 6.21

-2.11 ± 5.27

0.4032^&

p-value^**

0.7622

0.1582

after 12 weeks

9.75 ± 10.08

5.41 ± 3.98

0.0238^&

Difference

1.38 ± 8.86

-4.74 ± 4.87

p-value^**

0.5166

0.0030

C-peptide

Baseline

2.53 ± 1.01

2.61 ± 1.05

0.8150^*

after 6 weeks

2.31 ± 1.03

2.24 ± 1.01

Difference

-0.22 ± 0.94

-0.37 ± 0.81

0.6273^*

p-value^**

0.3428

0.1080

after 12 weeks

2.58 ± 1.78

1.98 ± 0.72

Difference

0.05 ± 1.13

-0.63 ± 0.95

0.0752^*

p-value^**

0.8366

0.0263

HOMA- IR

Baseline

2.44 ± 1.19

3.03 ± 1.57

0.2375^*

after 6 weeks

2.32 ± 1.84

2.25 ± 1.79

Difference

-0.13 ± 2.18

-0.78 ± 1.65

0.3568^*

p-value^**

0.8075

0.0983

after 12 weeks

3.14 ± 3.77

1.49 ± 1.17

Difference

0.69 ± 3.36

-1.54 ± 1.66

0.0159^&

p-value^**

0.3940

0.0042

HOMA-IR by C-peptide

Baseline

4.00 ± 1.82

4.22 ± 1.59

0.5062^&

after 6 weeks

3.72 ± 2.16

3.33 ± 1.61

Difference

-0.28 ± 2.01

-0.89 ± 1.56

0.3543^*

p-value^**

0.5647

0.0520

after 12 weeks

4.35 ± 3.76

2.92 ± 1.32

Difference

0.35 ± 2.41

-1.31 ± 1.90

0.0289^&

p-value^**

0.5425

0.0232