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Table 3 Results of Cox regression MACE analysis for different variables, including opium use

From: Effects of opium use on one-year major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in the patients with ST-segment elevation MI undergoing primary PCI: a propensity score matched - machine learning based study

 

Univariate

Multivariate

Variable

Category

HR (CI 95%)

p-value

Wald p-value

HR (CI 95%)

p-value

Clopidogrel use

   

0.041 *

  

Yes

1.362 (1.015–1.828)

0.039 *

 

1.51 (0.95–2.39)

0.081

Pain to Door time

 

1 (0.999–1)

0.053 *

0.028 *

1 (1–1)

0.028 *

Calcium channel blocker use

   

0.368

  

Yes

1.381 (0.707–2.698)

0.345

   

Nitrate use

   

0.138

  

Yes

1.254 (0.932–1.687)

0.134

   

HDL

 

0.993 (0.977–1.009)

0.393

0.389

  

FBS

 

1.004 (1.002–1.005)

<0.001*

<0.001*

1 (1–1)

0.025 *

LDL

 

0.996 (0.992–1.001)

0.132

0.128

  

Triglyceride

 

0.999 (0.997–1.001)

0.243

0.215

  

BMI

 

0.981 (0.947–1.016)

0.273

0.27

  

Creatinine

 

1.203 (1.074–1.349)

0.001 *

0.014 *

1.24 (1.08–1.42)

0.002 *

Hemoglobin

 

0.837 (0.778–0.901)

<0.001*

<0.001*

0.89 (0.82–0.97)

0.006 *

Statin use

   

0.21

  

Yes

1.204 (0.901–1.608)

0.209

   

COPD

   

0.677

  

Yes

0.754 (0.187–3.038)

0.691

   

Aspirin use

   

0.09 *

  

Yes

1.288 (0.96–1.727)

0.092 *

 

0.76 (0.49–1.18)

0.219

Beta blocker use

   

0.125

  

Yes

1.259 (0.94–1.685)

0.122

   

ACEI/ARB use

   

0.055 *

  

Yes

1.328 (0.994–1.773)

0.055 *

 

0.86 (0.56–1.33)

0.499

Hypertension

   

0.009 *

  

Yes

1.485 (1.109–1.987)

0.008 *

 

1.3 (0.94–1.8)

0.118

DM

   

0.004 *

  

Yes

1.553 (1.158–2.083)

0.003 *

 

1.12 (0.76–1.64)

0.567

Hyperlipidemia

   

0.917

  

Yes

0.985 (0.736–1.317)

0.917

   

Family history of MI

   

0.198

  

Yes

0.761 (0.496–1.169)

0.213

   

IHD

   

0.002 *

  

Yes

1.623 (1.207–2.182)

0.001 *

 

1.47 (1.06–2.04)

0.023 *

Final TIMI2 score

   

<0.001*

  

1

0.37 (0.25–0.548)

<0.001*

 

0.64 (0.4–1.02)

0.059

Gender

   

0.084 *

  

Male

0.523 (0.268–1.022)

0.058 *

 

0.78 (0.38–1.6)

0.499

Age

 

1.029 (1.016–1.042)

<0.001*

<0.001*

1.02 (1–1.03)

0.014 *

Chronic smoking

   

0.059 *

  

Yes

0.713 (0.506–1.003)

0.052 *

 

0.85 (0.59–1.22)

0.385

Initial TIMI2 score

   

0.043 *

  

1

0.79 (0.455–1.372)

0.403

 

0.79 (0.45–1.39)

0.416

2

0.644 (0.428–0.969)

0.035 *

 

0.62 (0.41–0.95)

0.027 *

3

0.556 (0.308–1.004)

0.052 *

 

0.56 (0.31–1.02)

0.058

PCI Result

   

<0.001*

  

Unacceptable

3.528 (2.344–5.308)

<0.001*

 

2.66 (1.63–4.35)

<0.001*

Culprit vessel

   

0.454

  

LADnp

0.774 (0.506–1.182)

0.236

   

non. LAD

0.951 (0.682–1.326)

0.767

   

IABP

   

0.034 *

  

Yes

7.339 (1.82–29.589)

0.005 *

 

2.75 (0.64–11.83)

0.174

Cardiogenic shock

   

0.073 *

  

Yes

12.528 (1.75–89.672)

0.012 *

   

Door to Device time

 

0.999 (0.997–1.001)

0.311

0.263

  

GPIIbIIIa inhibitors use

   

0.918

  

Yes

1.017 (0.732–1.414)

0.918

   

Opium use

   

0.074 *

  

Yes

1.314 (0.977–1.767)

0.071 *

 

1.27 (0.94–1.71)

0.125

  1. Abbreviations: HR Hazard ratio, CI Confidence interval, HDL High-density lipoprotein, FBS Fasting blood sugar, LDL Low-density lipoprotein, BMI Body mass index, COPD Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, ACEI Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, ARB Angiotensin receptor blocker, DM Diabetes mellitus, MI Myocardial infarction, IHD Ischemic heart disease, TIMI Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction, PCI Percutaneous coronary intervention, LAD Left anterior descending coronary artery, LADnp Non-proximal LAD, IABP Intra-aortic balloon pump
  2. * Wald p-value of less than 0.1 was the cut-off point for univariate analysis. Significant level for the multivariate analysis was p < 0.05